Antiparasitic agents

Question 1

Drugs used for prophylasis of malaria

Answer 1

chloroquine, primaquine

Question 2

Drugs used for treatment of active infection

Answer 2

chloroquine, primaquine, artemether/lumefantrine

Question 3

Drugs that treat blood stage

Answer 3

chloroquine and artemisinins

Question 4

Drugs that treat liver stage

Answer 4

primaquine

Question 5

Which antimalarials have gametocidal activity

Answer 5

artemether and primaquine

Question 6

MOA of chloroquine

Answer 6

inhibits biocrystallization of heme, must be transported into vacuoles, mutation of transporter causes resistance

Question 7

Therapeutic uses of chloroquine

Answer 7

clinical cure and prophylaxis against sensitive strains, can use during pregnancy

Question 8

Adverse reactions to chloroquine

Answer 8

well tolerated, at doses for active treatment can cause itching, headache GI effects. At high doses, some cardiovasculature effects

Question 9

What are the artemisins

Answer 9

artemether

Question 10

Artemether MOA

Answer 10

unclear, toxic free radical conversion by heme

Question 11

Pharmacokinetics of artemether

Answer 11

rapidly absorbed, but short half life, not good for prophylaxis

Question 12

Therapeutic use of artemether

Answer 12

fixed dose combination with lumefantrine, which has longer half life
good for MDR
IV for severe infections

Question 13

Adverse reactions to artemether

Answer 13

pretty safe, in animal models neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity

Question 14

Drugs that target liver stage

Answer 14

primaquine

Question 15

Adverse reactions to primaquine

Answer 15

drug induce hemolytic anemia in G6PD

Question 16

Systemic antiprotozoal agent

Answer 16

metronidazole

Question 17

Luminal antiprotozoal agent

Answer 17

paromomycin

Question 18

MOA of paromomycin

Answer 18

binds to 30S subunit to inhibit protein synth. not absorbed from GI tract

Question 19

Adverse reactions to paromomycin

Answer 19

GI distress

Question 20

Anti-helminthic drug that inhibits parasite Beta-tubulin

Answer 20

albendazole

Question 21

Therapeutic uses of albendazole

Answer 21

cestode infections (pork)
roundworm infections
pinworm (children)

Question 22

Adverse reactions to albendazole

Answer 22

generally well tolerated, teratogenic in animals, long term use can cause liver toxicity

Question 23

DOC for schistosomiasis

Answer 23

praziquantel

Question 24

MOA of praziquantel

Answer 24

increases Ca+ permability, leads to dislodgement and death

Question 25

OTC antihelminthic

Answer 25

pyrantel pamoate

Question 26

pyrantel pamoate MOA

Answer 26

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Question 27

antihelminthic that activates glutamate gated Cl- channels

Answer 27

ivermectin

Question 28

What is Mazzotti reaction

Answer 28

reaction to dead worms, not drugs