Murmurs

Question 1

1st heart sound

Answer 1

Mitral and tricuspid valve closing

Start of systole

Question 2

2nd heart sound

Answer 2

Aortic and pulmonary valves closing

Start of diastole

Question 3

Pansystolic murmur

Answer 3

Constant volume

Question 4

Ejection systolic murmur

Answer 4

Crescendo, decrescendo

Question 5

Grading of murmurs

Answer 5

1. Quiet
2. Loud with a thrill
3. Audible without a stethescope

Question 6

Right sided murmur

Answer 6

Louder with inspiration

Question 7

Valve stenosis

Answer 7

Valves which don’t open properly

Question 8

Valve regurgitation

Answer 8

Valves which don’t close properly

Question 9

Aortic stenosis causes

Answer 9

Degenerative
Cogenital
Rheumatic

Question 10

Symptoms of aortic stenosis

Answer 10

SOB
Chest pain
Dizziness

Question 11

Signs of aortic stenosis

Answer 11

Low pulse volume
Forceful displaced apex
Ejection systolic murmur
Can radiate to carotids

Question 12

Aortic stenosis treatment

Answer 12

Valve replacement
Trans catheter valve replacement
Balloon aortic valvotomy

Question 13

Mechanical Prosthetic heart valve

Answer 13

Longevity
Warfarin
Younger patients

Question 14

Bio-prosthetic heart valve

Answer 14

No warfarin
10 years
Older patients

Question 15

Mitral regurgitation causes

Answer 15

Leaflets (prolapse, rheumatic, endocarditis, myxomatous)
Chordae rupture
Papillary muscle rupture
Annular dilatation

Question 16

Mitral regurgitation symptoms

Answer 16

SOB
Peripheral oedema
Fatigue

Question 17

Signs of mitral regurgitation

Answer 17

Displaced apex
Pansystolic murmur
Axilla

Question 18

Mitral regurgitation treatment

Answer 18

Diuretics

Surgery

Question 19

Mitral stenosis causes

Answer 19

Rheumatic

Congenital

Question 20

Mitral stenosis symptoms

Answer 20

SOB
Fatigue
Palpitations

Question 21

Signs of mitral stenosis

Answer 21

Malar flush
Tapping apex beat
Mid diastolic rumbling, localised to apex

Question 22

Mitral stenosis treatment

Answer 22

Dieuretics
Treat AF
Valve replacement
Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 23

Aortic regurgitation causes

Answer 23

Endocarditis, connective tissue disease, rheumatic

Marfans, aortic dissection

Question 24

Aortic regurgitation symptoms

Answer 24

Breathlessness

Question 25

aortic regurgitation signs

Answer 25

Collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure
displaced apex
early diastolic murmur, left sternal edge

Question 26

Aortic regurgitation treatment

Answer 26

ACEI

Valve replacement