Murmurs Flashcards
1st heart sound
Mitral and tricuspid valve closing
Start of systole
2nd heart sound
Aortic and pulmonary valves closing
Start of diastole
Pansystolic murmur
Constant volume
Ejection systolic murmur
Crescendo, decrescendo
Grading of murmurs
- Quiet
- Loud with a thrill
- Audible without a stethescope
Right sided murmur
Louder with inspiration
Valve stenosis
Valves which don’t open properly
Valve regurgitation
Valves which don’t close properly
Aortic stenosis causes
Degenerative
Cogenital
Rheumatic
Symptoms of aortic stenosis
SOB
Chest pain
Dizziness
Signs of aortic stenosis
Low pulse volume
Forceful displaced apex
Ejection systolic murmur
Can radiate to carotids
Aortic stenosis treatment
Valve replacement
Trans catheter valve replacement
Balloon aortic valvotomy
Mechanical Prosthetic heart valve
Longevity
Warfarin
Younger patients
Bio-prosthetic heart valve
No warfarin
10 years
Older patients
Mitral regurgitation causes
Leaflets (prolapse, rheumatic, endocarditis, myxomatous)
Chordae rupture
Papillary muscle rupture
Annular dilatation
Mitral regurgitation symptoms
SOB
Peripheral oedema
Fatigue
Signs of mitral regurgitation
Displaced apex
Pansystolic murmur
Axilla
Mitral regurgitation treatment
Diuretics
Surgery
Mitral stenosis causes
Rheumatic
Congenital
Mitral stenosis symptoms
SOB
Fatigue
Palpitations
Signs of mitral stenosis
Malar flush
Tapping apex beat
Mid diastolic rumbling, localised to apex
Mitral stenosis treatment
Dieuretics
Treat AF
Valve replacement
Balloon valvuloplasty
Aortic regurgitation causes
Endocarditis, connective tissue disease, rheumatic
Marfans, aortic dissection
Aortic regurgitation symptoms
Breathlessness
aortic regurgitation signs
Collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure
displaced apex
early diastolic murmur, left sternal edge
Aortic regurgitation treatment
ACEI
Valve replacement
