Hypertension Flashcards
Primary hypertension
90%
No underlying cause
Secondary Hypertension
Underlying cause
Hypertension
A disorder in which the level of sustained arterial pressure is higher than expected for the age, sex and race of the individual
>140/90
Cardiovascular mortality risk doubles with every 20/10mmHg rise in BP
Salt sensitive hypertension
Increase in dietary salt leads to increase in BP
Renal causes of hypertension
Reduced renal blood flow
Excess renin release
Salt and water overload
Endocrine causes of hypertension
Adrenal gland hyperfunction/Tumours
Conn’s syndrome - excess aldosterone
Cushing’s Syndrome - excess corticosteroid
Phaeochromocytoma - excess noradrenaline
Coarctication of the aorta
causes narrowing of segments of aorta
Benign hypertension
Asymptomatic
Can cause Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Pregnancy associated hypertension
Increased maternal and foetal morbidity
Pre-eclampsia
Stage 1 hypertension
Clinic BP > 140/90
Daytime average > 135/85
Stage 2 hypertension
Clinic BP > 160/110
Daytime average > 150/90
Severe hypertension
Clinic systolic > 180
Clinic Diastolic > 110
Masked hypertension
Clinic Bp normal but abnormal at home
Diagnosis ABPM
At least 2 measurements per hour during the day
Diagnosis HBPM
2 consecutive seated measurements, 1 minute apart
Twice a day for 4 - 7 days
First day discarded
Average made
