Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What is MS?
Chronic autoimmune T-cell mediated inflammation of the CNS by demyelination of oligodendrocytes as T-cells activate B-cells to produce autoantibodies against myelin.
Spares the peripheral nervous system
What is the age range and sex MS typically presents in?
Females
20-40 years old
What is uthoff’s phenomenon?
Worsening of symptoms when hot such as after a shower
What is L’hermittes sign?
Voluntary flexion of the neck causes an electric shock style sensation down the limbs
What are some symptoms of MS?
Optic neuritis
Loss of central vision
Bladder dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction
Vertigo
Dementia
Ataxia
Spasticity
What is McDonald’s criteria?
2 attacks affecting 2 discrete parts of the CNS
What is the gold standard diagnosis for MS and what does it show?
MRI brain and spinal cord
Dawsons fingers and plaques
What does an LP for MS show?
Oligoclonal IgG protein bands
What are the 4 types of MS?
Primary progressive
Secondary progressive
Relapsing remitting
Progressive relapsing
What is the recommended treatment for primary progressive?
Ocrelizumab
What is the management of an acute attack of MS?
Glucocorticoids and IV Ig methylprednisolone
What are some 1st line treatments for MS?
Beta interferon and glatiramer acetate
What can be given to reduce spasticity?
Baclofen - a GABA agonist
What should be treated quickly in MS as it can worsen symptoms?
UTI
