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Neurology > Ears, Infection and Sleep > Flashcards

Ears, Infection and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness and REM abnormalities of over 3 months

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2
Q

What is the presentation of narcolepsy?

A

Cataplexy
Hypnogogic hallucinations
Sleep paralysis
Sleep attacks

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3
Q

What can be used to stimulate daytime wakefulness in narcolepsy?

A

Modafinil

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4
Q

What is menieres disease?

A

Dilation of the endolymphatic spaces of the membranous labryinth causes increased fluid pressure in the inner ear

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5
Q

What is the triad of menieres disease?

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss

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6
Q

What is the management of menieres disease?

A

Prophylactic betahistmine (improves blood flow to the inner ear)
Acute prochloerazine (Anti-emetic)

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7
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Benign tumour arising from schwann cells of the vestibular nerve

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8
Q

What is the presentation of an acoustic neuroma?

A

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Facial numbness
Unsteady gait

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9
Q

What are the investigations for an acoustic neuroma?

A

Audiogram - high frequency hearing loss
CT
MRI

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10
Q

Name the 4 species of malaria

A

P. falciparum (most common and pathogenic)
P. ovale
P. knowlesi
P. vivax

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11
Q

What is the vector of malaria?

A

Female anapholes mosquito

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12
Q

What do mosquitos inject?

A

Sporozoites that reproduce in hepatocytes

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13
Q

What is the presentation of malaria?

A

Fever
Rigors
Jaundice
Dark urine
SOB
Confusion
Cough

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14
Q

What is the diagnosis of malaria?

A

Giemsa film staining
Thick - is it malaria?
Thin - what species?

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15
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated malaria?

A

6 doses of Riamet or Artemether

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16
Q

What is the treatment for complicated malaria?

A

IV artesunate then oral riamet once stable

17
Q

What is the treatment for benign malaria?

A

chloroquine

18
Q

What are some prevention methods for malaria?

A

Doxycycline
Insect repellent
Well covered clothing
Mosquito nets

19
Q

What is Horners syndrome?

A

Impairment to the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye

20
Q

What is the most common cause of Horners syndrome?

A

Pancoast tumour - non small cell lung cancer at the superior sulcus of the lung invading the sympathetic plexus

21
Q

What is the triad of horners syndrome?

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis

22
Q

What are the causes of cerebellar disease?

A

VITAMIN C
Vascular - stroke
Infections and inflammatory (MS)
Trauma
Metabolic - alcoholism
Iatrogenic - drugs such as phenytoin and carbmazepine
Neoplastic
Congenital

23
Q

What is the presentation of cerbellar disease?

A

DANISH
Dysdiadokinesia
Ataxic gait
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia

Neurology (12 decks)

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