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Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Define seizure

A

Transient episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain

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1
Q

What is needed for a diagnosis of epilepsy?

A

More than 2 seizures 24 hours apart

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2
Q

What is a tonic clonic seizure?

A

Gand mal
Loss of consciousness
tonic muscle tensing and clonic muscle jerking
Tongue biting
Incontinence
Groaning

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3
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for tonic clonic seizures?

A

Sodium valporate
Lamotrigine in girls

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4
Q

What is an absence seizure?

A

Transient staring into space for seconds
Often grow out of it
Shows a 3Hz spike on EEG

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5
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine in girls

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6
Q

What is an atonic seizure?

A

Loss of tone of less than 3 minutes

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7
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for atonic seizures?

A

Sodium valporate
Lamotrigine in girls

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8
Q

What is a myoclonic seizure?

A

Muscle jerking

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9
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for myoclonic seizures?

A

Sodium valporate
Leveltiracetam in girls

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10
Q

What is west syndrome?

A

Clusters of full body spasms that starts from 6 months old
Give prednisolone

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11
Q

What is benign rolandic epilepsy?

A

Tonic seizures that occur in sleep from 3-10 years old
May find child asleep on the floor

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12
Q

What is a frontal lobe seizure?

A

Clonic movements that may travel proximally - jacksonian march

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13
Q

What is a temporal lobe seizure?

A

Strange aura, lip smacking, deja vu

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14
Q

How does a parietal lobe seizure present?

A

Contralateral altered sensation

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15
Q

What is the 1st line management for focal seizures?

A

Lamotrigine or Levetiracetam

16
Q

What are the phases of a seizure?

A

Prodrome
Early ictal
Ictal
Post ictal

17
Q

How does sodium valporate work?

A

Increases GABA activity

18
Q

What does VALPORATE stand for in terms of sodium valporate side effects?

A

Vomiting and nausea - take with food
Appetite increase - weight gain
Liver damage
Pancreatitis
Oedema
Ataxia
Teratogenic and thrombocytopenia
Encephalopathy

19
Q

When is carbmazepine indicated?

A

2nd line for focal seizures
Can cause agranulocytosis

20
Q

What is status epilepticus and how is it treated?

A

ABCDE
Benzodiazepines - buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam
Repeat dose after 10 minutes
IV Phenytoin
Phenobarbital or general anaesthesia

21
Q

How long should you not drive for after a one-off seizure?

A

6 months

22
Q

Give some general lifestyle advice for epilepsy?

A

Use a safety alarm in the shower
Avoid baths
Don’t swimming alone
Limit alcohol intake
Avoid recreational drugs
Avoid sleep deprivation

23
Q

What is the only contraceptive not affected by epilepsy medication?

A

Copper IUD

24
Q

What are some side effects of phenytoin?

A

Teratogenic
Hirsutism and acne
Gingival hyperplasia
Peripheral neuropathy
Coarsening of facial features

25
Q

Give a serious side effect of Lamotrigine?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

26
Q

Give some side effects of carbmazepine

A

Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anaemia
Ataxia

27
Q

What is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?

A

Myoclonic jerking seizures
Worse when patients are sleep deprived
Diagnose with a sleep deprived EEG

28
Q

What is the treatment for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?

A

Sodium valporate

29
Q

What is SLIDE in terms of epilepsy triggers?

A

Sleep deprivation
Lights - flashing
Infection
Drugs - alcohol and withdrawal
Exhaustion

Neurology (12 decks)

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