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Neurology > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

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2
Q

Name some risk factors for Alzheimer’s dementia

A

T21, increasing age, DM, smoking, HTN

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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s?

A

Amyloid beta plaque accumulation in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala
Neurofibrillary tangles

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4
Q

What are some assessments required in Alzheimers?

A

MMSE
MoCA
CT - atrophy of parietal and temporal lobes
MRI - atrophy of grey matter

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

Failing memory, disorientation in time, failing efficiency of ADLs, aggression, agnosia, aphasia, apraxia, amnesia, hallucinations, delusions

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6
Q

What is the management of mild Alzheimers?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as Donepezil or Rivastigmine

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7
Q

What is FTD?

A

Primarily atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

What is the management of moderate Alzehimer’s?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist such as Memantine

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7
Q

When is Donepezil contraindicated?

A

Asthmatics

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8
Q

What is the presentation of FTD?

A

Personality change, social disinhibition, language impairment, loss of social empathy, apathy

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9
Q

What is picks disease?

A

A subtype of FTD with accumulation of pick bodies (tauW proteins within neurons)

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10
Q

What does the MRI for FTD show?

A

Atrophy of frontal and/ or temporal lobes with a knife blade appearance

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11
Q

How do you distinguish LBD and Parkinsons?

A

If cognitive impairment and parkinsonism develop in under a year of each other then it is likely LBD

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12
Q

Where do Lewy bodies build up?

A

Substantia nigra, paralimbic and neocortical areas

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13
Q

What are lewy bodies?

A

Clumps of alpha synuclein protein

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14
Q

How does LBD progress?

A

Starts in the cerebral cortex and progresses downwards

15
Q

What are some symptoms of LBD?

A

Fluctuating cognition
Postural instability
Bradykinesia
Lilliputian hallucinations

16
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

Dementia most commonly due to ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke causing stepwise deterioration over many years

17
Q

What does an MRI of vascular dementia show?

A

Extensive white matter change and infarcts

18
Q

What are the treatments for vascular dementia?

A

Symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine

Neurology (12 decks)

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