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Neurology > Meningitis and Encephalitis > Flashcards

Meningitis and Encephalitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B strep and Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

What are some causes of meningitis in immunosuppressed?

A

Fungal, TB, pseudomonas

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

What are some viral causes of meningitis?

A

VZV, HSV and enteroviruses

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5
Q

What is the presentation of meningitis?

A

Photophobia
Neck stiffness
N+V
Fever
Non-blanching rash
Seizures
Headache

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6
Q

What are the findings on LP for bacterial meningitis?

A

Neutrophil polymorphs
Raised protein
Low glucose
Cloudy CSF

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7
Q

What are the findings on LP for viral meningitis?

A

Lymphocytes
Normal protein and glucose
Clear CSF

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8
Q

What are some contraindications for an LP?

A

Raised ICP
Focal neurology
Infection at LP site
Septicaemia
Reduced GCS

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9
Q

What is Kernigs sign?

A

Kicking - painful to extend knee when at 90 degrees

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10
Q

What is Brudinskis sign?

A

Passive neck flexion causing involuntary hip and knee flexion

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11
Q

What is given immediately for a non blanching rash?

A

IM ben pen

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12
Q

What is given before cultures in hospital for meningitis?

A

IV cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

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13
Q

What is given for neisseria?

A

IV ben pen

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14
Q

What is given for strep pneumoniae?

A

IV ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

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15
Q

What is given for listeria?

A

Ampicillin

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16
Q

What is given for raised ICP?

A

IV mannitol

17
Q

What is given for contact tracing?

A

Ciprofloxacin or Rifampicin

18
Q

What are some complications of meningitis?

A

Hearing loss
Seizures
Septic shock
Coma
Blindness

19
Q

Where is most affected in encephalitis?

A

Frontal and temporal lobes

20
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

HSV-1

21
Q

What are some other causes of encephalitis?

A

HSV-2
Mumps
VZV
HIV
Measles

22
Q

What are some symptoms of encephalitis?

A

Altered consciousness and behaviour
Fever
Seizures
Focal neurological symptoms

23
Q

What does LP for encephalitis show?

A

Raised lymphocytes
Raised protein
Normal glucose

24
Q

What is the treatment for encephalitis?

A

IV aciclovir for 14-21 days

Neurology (12 decks)

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