Multicellular Organisms - Transport Systems in Animals Flashcards
red blood cells
function
transports oxygen around the body
contains the red pigment haemoglobin
red blood cells
why they are good at their job
- biconcave shape increases surface area for faster diffusion
- no nucleus provides more space for oxygen
haemoglobin
red pigment in red blood cells that combines with oxygen to produce oxyhaemoglobin
white blood cells
part of immune system involved in destroying pathogens
phagocytes
carry out phagocytosis (engluf pathogens)
lymphocytes
produce antibodies used to destroy pathogens
each antibody is specific to a pathogen
pathogen
a disease-causing microorganism
blood vessels
three types
- artery
- vein
- capillary
artery
description, bp, direction
thick muscular wall with small cavity
contains blood at hich pressure
carries blood AWAY from heart
vein
description, bp, direction
thin muscular wall with wide cavity and valves to prevent backflow
contains blood at low pressure
carries blood TOWARDS the heart
capillary
description, direction
one cell thick wall for fast diffusion with a microscopic cavity
exchanges materials
carries blood through TISSUES + ORGANS
atrium
upper chamber of the heart
(right and left)
ventricle
lower chamber of the heart
(right and left)
valve
where are they present and what do they do
structure present in heart and veins to prevent backflow of blood
coronary artery
branch of aorta which supplies oxygenated blood to the muscular wall of the heart
