Cell Biology - DNA Flashcards
1
Q
what is DNA
A
deoxyribonucleic acid is the chemical compound found in the nucleus of a cell. it contains the genetic information of the organsim
2
Q
DNA nucleotide
A
the basic DNA unit is repeated over and over and is made up of a sugar, phosphate and a base
3
Q
4 bases of DNA
A
- adenine, A
- thymine, T
- guanine, G
- cytosine, C
4
Q
base pairing rule
A
adenine goes with thymine and guanine goes with cytosine
5
Q
if a a section of DNA has 100 bases and 20 are A, how many are G
A
30
20 + 20 = 40 of A and T
100 - 40 = 60 bases left
60/2 = 30 of G and C
6
Q
what keeps the bases together
A
weak hydrogen bonds
7
Q
what makes up the backbone of DNA
A
sugar and phosphate
8
Q
stages of protein synthesis
A
- DNA unwinds (like a zip)
- a complimentary mRNA molecule is made. the bases pair according to the base pairing rule
- the rew mRNA strand leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome
- the ribosome reads the mRNA strand and uses the order of the bases to produce a protein by joining amino acids together
9
Q
what are the 3 differences between DNA and mRNA
A
- mRNA is single stranded
- backbone has ribose sugar in mRNA whereas DNA has deoxyribose sugar in its backbone
- mRNA has uracil (U) whereas DNA has thymine (T)
