Multicellular Organisms - 2.1 Producing new cells Flashcards
What is the sequence of Mitosis ?
- Identical copies of itself called chromatids
- Chromatid pairs line up at the equator
- Spindle fibres now pull the pairs apart
- Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
- Two nuclei have formed, the cytoplasm divides and 2 separate diploid cells are formed
What is Mitosis ?
Mitosis provides new cells for growth and repair of damage cells/ tissue and maintains the diploid chromosome complement
What are Spindle Fibres ?
Spindle Fibres are strands of protein that the cell uses to separate the chromatid pairs from the equator to the poles
What is the equator ?
The equator is the region in the middle of the cell where the chromatids pairs line up before they are separated to the poles
What are Chromatids ?
Before cell division, each chromosome makes an identical copy of itself. The new copies are called chromatids and they remain attached until separated by spindle fibres
What are diploid cells ?
Diploid cells have 2 matching sets of chromosomes, which are replicated during mitosis
What kind of cells in animals are unspecialised cells that can divide in order to self-renew ?
Stem Cells in animals
What do stem cells in animals have the potential for ?
To become Different types of cells
What are stem cells involved in ?
Growth and repair
What cells can be obtained from the embryo at a very early stage ?
Stem cells
Where can tissue stem cells be found ?
In the Body throughout life
What do the specialisation of cells lead to ?
to the formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs
What do multicellular organisms have more than one of ?
One cell type and are made up of tissues and organs
What do organs preform ?
different functions
What are the cells in organs specialised for ?
for their function
What do groups of organs that work together form ?
Systems
A hierarchy exists:
Cells → tissues → organs → systems
