Multicellular Organisms

Question 1

What does equator mean

Answer 1

The middle of the cell

Question 2

What is a chromatid

Answer 2

A chromosome that is a single strand that will form a full chromosome

Question 3

What is a spindle fibre

Answer 3

A protein structure that divides the genetic material of a cell

Question 4

What does mitosis do

Answer 4

Provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues and replacement of dead or damaged cells

Question 5

What does mitosis do for chromosomes

Answer 5

Mitosis maintains the diploid chromosome complement

Question 6

How many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have

Answer 6

2 matching sets of chromosomes which are replicated during mitosis

Question 7

What type of stem cells are in animals

Answer 7

Unspecialised cells which can divide in order to self renew

Question 8

What can stem cells do

Answer 8

They have the potential to become different types of cell

Question 9

What are stem cells involved in

Answer 9

Growth and repair

Question 10

Where can stem cells be obtained from

Answer 10

Unspecialised stem cells are found in The embryo at a very early stage
And tissue stem cells are found throughout the body

Question 11

What does the specialisation of cells lead to

Answer 11

The formation of variety cells, tissues and organs

Question 12

What are groups of organs called

Answer 12

Systems

Question 13

What are the requirements of a multi-cellular organism

Answer 13

•more than one cell type
•are made of tissues and organs
•organs do different functions

Question 14

What is the cell hierarchy

Answer 14

Cell—>tissues—>organs—->systems

Question 15

What are diploid cells

Answer 15

They have two matching sets of chromosomes, which is replicated during mitosis

Question 16

What is a response to stimuli

Answer 16

Rapid action from a muscle or a slower response from a gland

Question 17

What is in the Central Nervous System CNS

Answer 17

Brain and spinal cord

Question 18

What are the three parts of the brain

Answer 18

Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla

Question 19

What are the three types of neurons

Answer 19

Sensory inter motor

Question 20

What can receptors do

Answer 20

Detect sensory input/stimuli

Question 21

What do electrical impulses carry

Answer 21

Messages along synapses
Which chemicals transfer these messages along neurons

Question 22

What do sensory neurons pass

Answer 22

Information to the CNS

Question 23

How do the senses process information that requires response

Answer 23

Inter neurons operate within the CNS

Question 24

Which neuron enables a effector response (muscle or gland response)

Answer 24

Motor neurons

Question 25

What do reflexes do

Answer 25

Protect the body from harm

Question 26

What is the cerebrum responsible for

Answer 26

Thoughts and memories

Question 27

What is the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 27

Balance and co-ordination

Question 28

What is the medulla responsible for

Answer 28

Breathing and heart-rate

Question 29

What is the stimuli to response chain

Answer 29

Stimuli>>>receptor>>>sensory neuron>>>inter neuron>>>motor neuron>>>effector>>>response

Question 30

What does the Endocrine Gland do

Answer 30

Releases hormones into the bloodstream

Question 31

What role does hormones play

Answer 31

Chemical messengers

Question 32

What does a target tissue have that ensures that only the target tissue will be affected

Answer 32

Complementary receptor proteins for specific hormones

Question 33

What is the role of insulin

Answer 33

To remove glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver

Question 34

What does the pancreas produce

Answer 34

The hormone glucagon when glucose levels are low

Question 35

What does the pancreas control

Answer 35

The conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 36

When blood glucose levels are low what does the pancreas do

Answer 36

Releases glucagon which converts the stored glycogen back into glucose

Question 37

Most cells are diploid what isn’t and what is it called

Answer 37

Gametes are haploid cells

Question 38

What is the sperm

Answer 38

Male gamete

Question 39

What is the egg

Answer 39

Female gamete

Question 40

What is fertilisation

Answer 40

It’s the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, diving to make an embryo

Question 41

What is discrete variation

Answer 41

It shows distinct clear cut differences which enables a population to be divided into two or more groups e.g eye colour

Question 42

What is continuous variation

Answer 42

Shows a range of values which can usually be measured E.g height, weight- it is poly gene inheritance

Question 43

What are Alleles

Answer 43

They are different forms of the same gene e.g red flower or white flower

Question 44

What is the genotype

Answer 44

It is the alleles it carries for that particular characteristic

Question 45

What is the phenotype

Answer 45

It is what the organism looks like

Question 46

If both alleles are the same in the genotype of an organism it is

Answer 46

Homozygous (tt or TT)

Question 47

If the alleles are different in the genotype of the organism it is

Answer 47

Heterozygous (Tt or tT)

Question 48

What is used to explain inheritance

Answer 48

Punnett squares

Question 49

What process is fertilisation

Answer 49

Random

Question 50

What are the plant organs

Answer 50

Roots stems and leaves

Question 51

What are the parts of the leaf

Answer 51

Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vein(consists xylem,phloem) lower epidermis, guard cells and stomata

Question 52

How is water transported in the plant

Answer 52

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in dead xylem vessels

Question 53

What quality to xylem cells have

Answer 53

They are lignified to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant

Question 54

What are the limiting factors of transpiration

Answer 54

Wind speed, humidity, and temperature

Question 55

What are the 5 types of proteins

Answer 55

•structural •hormones •antibodies •enzyme •receptor

Question 56

Continuous variation is

Answer 56

A trait that can be put into a range of values

Question 57

Discrete variation is

Answer 57

When the population can be put into distinct groups

Question 58

What is a phagocyte

Answer 58

Detects pathogens which then engulfs the pathogen then digesting it using enzymes

Question 59

What are lymphocytes

Answer 59

They produce antibodies which destroy pathogens.

Question 60

What are pathogens

Answer 60

A pathogen is a disease causing micro organisms such as bacteria viruses or fungi