Biology Cell Bio

Question 1

What is the purpose of the cell membrane and where is it found

Answer 1

Is selectively permeable and controls what molecules can enter and leave the cell
Found in animal plant fungal bacterial cells

Question 2

Cell wall’s function and place

Answer 2

Found only in plant cells. Made of cellulose, it gives strength and support to the plant cells
Found in plants, fungal and bacterial cells

Question 3

What is the function and place of the mitochondrion

Answer 3

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
Found in animal plant and fungal cells

Question 4

What is the function and place chloroplast

Answer 4

Contains pigment chlorophyll to trap light energy, site of photosynthesis.
Found in green plant cells

Question 5

What is the vacuole’s function and place

Answer 5

Contains cell Sap, maintains the cell and found in green plants and fungal cells

Question 6

What is the ribosomes function and place

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis and found in animal plant fungal and bacterial cells

Question 7

What is the plasmids function and place

Answer 7

It is a small ring of DNA that is separate from the chromosomal DNA within a cell and found in bacterial cells

Question 8

What is cytoplasms function and place

Answer 8

It is the site of chemical reactions and found in bacterial cells

Question 9

What organelle do fungus cells not have

Answer 9

Chloroplasts

Question 10

What is the fungi cell wall not composed of

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

What are the 3 microbes

Answer 11

Fungi, bacteria and viruses

Question 12

What is genetic engineering

Answer 12

It is when genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another

Question 13

What are the 5 stages GE

Answer 13

1) identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome
2)Extract the required gene from the chromosome
3)Extracted plasmid from bacterial cell is cut open
4)insert required gene into the bacterial plasmid
5)insert the plasmid into a hose bacterial cell to produce a GM organism

Question 14

How are enzymes used in GE

Answer 14

They are used to:
•cut open the plasmid
•seal the required gene into the plasmid

Question 15

What is respiration

Answer 15

It is when chemical energy is released through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration

Question 16

What is the function and place of the nucleus

Answer 16

Controls cell activities
Found in animal plant fungal cells

Question 17

What are cell walls made out of in plant cells

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

What is the cell membrane made of

Answer 18

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 19

What is passive transport

Answer 19

It occurs DOWN a concentration gradient from a higher concentration to a lower one and doesn’t require energy. Examples are diffusion and osmosis

Question 20

What is the requirement for osmosis

Answer 20

It has to be water

Question 21

What can animal cells be

Answer 21

They can burst or shrink

Question 22

What can plant cells

Answer 22

They can be turgid or plasmolysed

Question 23

What is active transport

Answer 23

Requires energy for membrane proteins to move molecules and ions against the concentration gradient

Question 24

What is DNA

Answer 24

DNA is the carrier of genetic information for making proteins

Question 25

What shape is DNA

Answer 25

a double stranded helix held by complimentary pairs

Question 26

What are the 4 bases of DNA

Answer 26

adenine(A) cytosine(C) guanine(G) thymine(T)

Question 27

What are the DNA pairings

Answer 27

C is always with G A is always with T

Question 28

What does the DNA sequence determine

Answer 28

Amino acid sequence in proteins

Question 29

What is a gene

Answer 29

It’s a section of DNA which codes for a protein

Question 30

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 30

It’s a molecule which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from the DNA to a ribosome

Question 31

What is assembled at the ribosome

Answer 31

Proteins from amino acids

Question 32

What do enzymes function as

Answer 32

Biological catalysts and are made by all living cells

Question 33

What is the active site to the substrate

Answer 33

Complementary to its specific substrate

Question 34

What reactions are enzymes involved in

Answer 34

Degradation and synthesis reactions

Question 35

When is an enzyme most active

Answer 35

In optimum conditions

Question 36

What are limiting factors at can denature enzymes

Answer 36

pH and temperature

Question 37

For respiration the Chemical energy is stored in what

Answer 37

Glucose and for respiration to occur the chemical energy must be released by all cells

Question 38

After the Chemical energy is released by all cells the chemical energy does what

Answer 38

It is released through a series of ENZYME CONTROLLED reactions called respiration

Question 39

When in respiration energy is real from the breakdown of glucose to generate what

Answer 39

ATP

Question 40

The energy transferred by ATP can be used for cellular activities such as

Answer 40

•muscle cell contraction •cell division •protein synthesis •transmission of nerve impulses •active transport

Question 41

In respiration glucose is broken down to 2 molecules of

Answer 41

Pyruvate

Question 42

After the 2 molecules of pyruvate is attained there is a release of enough energy to yield…

Answer 42

Two molecules of ATP

Question 43

Further break down of energy in respiration depends on the

Answer 43

Presence or absence of oxygen

Question 44

In respiration if oxygen is present aerobic respiration occurs which in each pyruvate molecule is broken down into:

Answer 44

Carbon dioxide and water, releasing enough energy to yield MANY ATP molecules

Question 45

In the absence of oxygen what takes place

Answer 45

Fermentation takes place

Question 46

In animal cells the pyruvate molecules are converted to…

Answer 46

Lactate

Question 47

In plant cells, pyruvate molecules care converted to…

Answer 47

Carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 48

The breakdown of each glucose molecule via fermentation it yields only the initial…

Answer 48

Two molecules of ATP

Question 49

Respiration begins in the

Answer 49

Cytoplasm

Question 50

The process of fermentation is completed in

Answer 50

The cytoplasm

Question 51

Aerobic respiration is completed in

Answer 51

The mitochondria

Question 52

When referring to an enzyme reactions you say

Answer 52

Enzyme ACTIVITIES

Question 53

What is the stomata

Answer 53

It is a collection of tiny pores where water finally leaves from