Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

🤯🔫 > Biology 3.3 > Flashcards

Biology 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis called

A

Stage 1-light dependant stage
Stage 2-carbon fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chloroplast are:

A

Where both stages of photosynthesis occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What energy from what is absorbed by what

A

Light energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll in chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After light is absorbed the energy is changed to what

A

Light energy to chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Water if split to…

A

Release oxygen, diffuses out as a byproduct and release hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the carbon fixation stage

A

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions which use hydrogen and ATP, produces glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glucose is used as…

A

•Starch for storage
•used to synthesise cellulose for building cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the word equation of photosynthesis

A

Light energy
Carbon+water ->glucose+oxygen
Dioxide Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the limiting factors

A

•light intensity
•carbon dioxide concentration
•temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does “limiting factor” mean

A

These are factors which if in short supply restrict the rate of photosynthesis and plant growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a food chain

A

A food chain is a relationship where one organism feeds on the previous one in a series and in turn provides for the next one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Food chains always start with a…

A

Producer, then the consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a food web made of…

A

A food web is made up of 2 or more inter-connecting food chains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What energy Is passed on

A

Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What energy is lost

A

Heat
Movement
Undigested materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increasing human population requires an _____ ______

A

Food yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An increase of food yield can be achieved by the use of _____ and ____

A

Fertilisers and pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fertilisers can provide chemicals such as ______ which can increase crop yield

A

Nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ and _____ which reduce crop yield can be killed by _______

A

Plants animals pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____ dissolved in soil, water are absorbed into plants

A

Nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nitrates are used to produce ______ _____ which are synthesised into ____ ______

A

Amino acids plant proteins

22
Q

Animals consume plants or other animals to obtain ____ ______ for protein _________

A

Amino acids synthesis

23
Q

Fertilisers can be added to soil to increase the _____ _____ of the soil

A

Nitrate content

24
Q

Fertilisers can leach into fresh water adding ______ ______ ______

A

Extra unwanted nitrates

25
When extra nitrates are added to fresh water this will increase algal populations which can cause ______ _____
Algal blooms
26
Algal blooms reduce ____ _____, killing _____ ____
Light levels aquatic plants
27
When the aquatic plants die aswell as the algae that dies it becomes food for ______ which greatly ______ in number
Bacteria increase
28
The bacteria use up large quantities of _______ reducing the ______ availability for other organisms
Oxygen oxygen
29
________ ________crops can be used to reduce the use of fertilisers
Genetically modified
30
_______ sprayed onto crops can accumulate in the bodies of ______ over time
Pesticides organisms
31
The build up of toxic substances in living organisms is known as
Bioaccumulation
32
As pesticides are passed along a food chain _____ ____ to lethal levels
Toxicity increases
33
The use of a _______ _______ and genetically modified crops as an alternative to pesticides
Biological control
34
A biological control is when a ______ ______ or _______ is used to control the population of pests
Natural predators species
35
What is a mutation
A random change to genetic material
36
What are the three types of mutations
Neutral advantageous or disadvantageous (to survival)
37
Mutations are _____ and are the only new source of new _____
Spontaneous Alleles
38
What are factors that increase the rate of mutation
Radiation and some chemicals
39
New alleles may allow plants and animals to become _____ _____ to their environment
Better adapted
40
What is an adaptation
An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment/niche
41
What does variation do to a population
It makes it possible to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions
42
What is a species
A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce a fertile offspring
43
What is natural selection
It occurs when there are selection pressures(biotic factors eg disease predation competition )
44
How are alleles pass through generations of a species
When the best adapted individuals in a population survive to reproduce that pass on the favourable alleles that confer the selective advantage
45
Advantageous alleles are found in what frequency
They found in an increased frequency within a population
46
What is speciation
It is when 2 or more new species are formed
47
When does speciation occurs
It occurs after part of a population becomes isolated by an isolation by an isolation barrier
48
What are the 3 types of isolation barriers
Geographical ecological or behavioural
49
What mutations happen in sub populations
Different mutations occur among different sub populations
50
How does natural selection select mutations
Due to different selection pressures the most advantageous mutation is chosen to fit with the environment
51
Each ________ evolves until the become so _______ _______ that they’re two ______ ______
Sub-population genetically different different species
52
What do plants use nitrates for
To make proteins

🤯🔫 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions