Mucosal Immunologic Diseases Flashcards
an allergic reaction in response to contact to food or drugs causing diffuse swelling on face, neck, and/or lips
angioedema
In general, allergic reactions are mediated by the mast cell release of ______ and ______. This also occurs due to side effects of ______.
IgE and histamines / angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
tx of angioedema
antihistamines
the most common immunologic mucosal condition
aphthous ulcer (commonly known as a “canker sore”)
Which tissue does aphthous ulcer affect?
non-keratinized tissues, which includes lining mucosa such as alveolar, buccal, and labial mucosa, the soft palate, and ventral surface of the tongue
HSV vs aphthous ulcer
HSV- only impacts keratinized tissues
Aphthous ulcer- only impacts non-keratinized tissues
two different types of aphthous ulcers
Minor- heal without scarring
Major- heal with scarring, aka Sutton disease
Sutton disease
major aphthous ulcer
a multi-system vasculitis condition that causes aphthous ulcers in the oral cavity and genitals, as well as inflammation of the eyes
Behcet’s syndrome
tx for aphthous ulcers
only necessary for serious cases, corticosteroids are perfect due to their anti-inflammatory properties
an acute self-limiting condition causing oral and skin lesions that present as flat, round, bulls-eye target lesions, as well as hemorrhagic crusting of the lips
erythema multiforme
minor vs major erythema multiforme
Minor- related to herpes simplex hypersensitivity
Major- related to drug sensitivity, also known as Stevens Johnson syndrome
a skin or oral mucosa inflammatory condition in which T lymphocytes target and destroy basal keratinocytes resulting in a burning or itching rash
lichen planus
secondary to the destruction of basal keratinocytes are basal zone vaculization and sawtooth rete pegs, both of which are observed histologically
lichen planus
Two forms of lichen planus:
Reticular- characterized by Wickham striae, lacy ribbon-like stripes on affected area
Erosive- also has Wickham striae, as well as red ulceration
an autoimmune disease that causes widespread inflammation and tissue damage in affected organs
lupus erythematosus
Two main forms of lupus:
Systemic acute- a type III hypersensitivity reaction with involvement of multiple organs, presence of butterfly rash along the bridge of nose, detected via presence of autoantibodies using the ANA test
Discoid chronic- disc-shaped lesions on face, oral lesions look similar to erosive lichen planus
tx for lupus erythematosus
corticosteroids
an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering lesions on mucous membranes, a sub-basilar condition in which the body creates autoantibodies against the basement membrane
mucous membrane pemphigoid
an autoimmune disorder involving blistering and erosion of skin and mucosal membranes, a suprabasilar condition in which the body creates autoantibodies against desmosomes, adhesive proteins that maintain the structural integrity of tissues
pemphigus vulgaris
Mucous membrane pemphigoid vs pemphigus vulgaris
Mucous membrane pemphigoid: sub-basilar condition in which the body creates autoantibodies against the basement membrane
Pemphigus vulgaris: suprabasilar condition in which the body creates autoantibodies against desmosomes, adhesive proteins that maintain structural integrity of tissues
The primary lesion of this condition is a soft blister filled with clear fluid “bullae” followed by multiple painful ulcers.
pemphigus vulgaris
How is pemphigus vulgaris detected?
a positive Nikolsky’s sign in which slight rubbing of affected skin or mucosa results in exfoliation of the outermost layer
detected via a positive Nikolsky’s sign
pemphigus vulgaris
