Developmental Conditions

Question 1

Cleft lip is an opening or split between these two embryological structures that should normally fuse together.

Answer 1

median nasal process and maxillary process

Question 2

Cleft palate is an opening or split between these two embryological structures that should normally fuse together.

Answer 2

palatal shelves

Question 3

% of cases of cleft lip that are unilateral vs bilateral

Answer 3

80% unilateral
20% bilateral

Question 4

prevalence of cleft lip

Answer 4

very rare, fewer than 20,000 US cases/year

Question 5

tx of cleft lip

Answer 5

surgery restores normal function, speech therapy may be helpful

Question 6

ectopic sebaceous glands found on the vermillion border of the lips or around the oral cavity, often most prominent around puberty

Answer 6

fordyce granules

Question 7

yellow-white papules that may be hyperplastic or nodular

Answer 7

fordyce granules

Question 8

prevalence of fordyce granules

Answer 8

common, occurs in 70-80% of adults

Question 9

tx of fordyce granules

Answer 9

completely benign, no tx necessary

Question 10

deep and prominent grooves and fissures across the tongue surface

Answer 10

fissured tongue

Question 11

benign condition associated with fissured tongue, rare neurological disorder that includes a fissured tongue + granulomatous cheilitis + facial paralysis

Answer 11

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

Question 12

prevalence of fissured tongue

Answer 12

common, affects 2-5% of US population

Question 13

tx of fissured tongue

Answer 13

no tx

Question 14

another name for geographic tongue

Answer 14

erythema migrans or benign migratory glossitis

Question 15

loss of papillae resulting in red patches that migrate over time, look for characteristic white ringed lesion surrounding the red patches

Answer 15

geographic tongue

Question 16

prevalence of geographic tongue

Answer 16

very common with more than 3 million US cases/year

Question 17

tx of geographic tongue (asymptomatic vs symptomatic)

Answer 17

none if asymptomatic, topical corticosteroid if symptomatic

Question 18

white or white/gray swollen fluid lesion of buccal or labial oral mucosa, the lesion dissipates when tissue is stretched (as a result of the edematous quality of the lesion)

Answer 18

leukoedema

Question 19

somewhat rare, mostly seen among black men

Answer 19

leukoedema

Question 20

tx of leukoedema

Answer 20

completely benign, no tx necessary

Question 21

mass of thyroid tissue at the midline base of tongue

Answer 21

lingual thyroid

Question 22

Where can lingual thyroid be found?

Answer 22

located along the embryonic path of embryonic descent, can be found between foramen cecum of tongue and just past the larynx

Question 23

If lingual thyroid is found past the foramen cecum, then the condition is known as ________ and may be visible on the skin surface.

Answer 23

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 24

prevalence of lingual thyroid

Answer 24

very rare, reported incidence of 1 in 100,000

Question 25

tx of lingual thyroid

Answer 25

surgical methods include excision or autotransplantation in muscle, non-surgical methods include hormonal therapy or radioactive ablation

Question 26

pits and fistulas that occur near lip commissures or midline

Answer 26

lip pits

Question 27

condition in which the patient presents with cleft lip/palate + lip pits

Answer 27

Van der Woude syndrome

Question 28

prevalence of lip pits

Answer 28

very rare, with incidence of about 1 in 75,000 to 1 in 100,000

Question 29

tx of lip pits

Answer 29

usually doesn't require tx, but surgical excision may be necessary for more severe cases

Question 30

What is are angiomas?

Answer 30

benign tumors that consist of small blood or lymph vessels, can be present on the skin surface or inside the oral cavity

Question 31

two examples of a skin angioma

Answer 31

Cherry angioma- small red mole that forms from accumulated capillaries and vessels Hemangioma- a bright red birthmark that appears at birth, made up of extra blood vessels in the skin

Question 32

congenital abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels on the tongue

Answer 32

oral lymphangioma

Question 33

Oral lymphangioma is referred to as _______ when it occurs in the neck (more common than oral lymphangioma).

Answer 33

cystic hygroma

Question 34

a syndrome involving lymphangioma in which angiomas form on the leptomeninges and skin along the trigeminal nerve

Answer 34

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Question 35

prevalence of oral lymphangioma

Answer 35

very rare, 1-2/1000 newborns

Question 36

tx of oral lymphangioma

Answer 36

surgical excision, radiation therapy, or steroid administration

Question 37

incidences of excessive cortical bone growth

Answer 37

exostoses

Question 38

abnormal, usually noncancerous growths filled with liquid, air, or other substances

Answer 38

cysts

Question 39

cyst within a lymph node of the neck that 'branches' out from branchial cleft

Answer 39

branchial cyst (aka cleft sinus)

Question 40

another name for branchial cyst

Answer 40

cleft sinus

Question 41

most common congenital cause of neck mass

Answer 41

branchial cyst

Question 42

mass of tissue collecting under the skin that usually appears at birth, can contain structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands

Answer 42

dermoid cyst

Question 43

Two possible locations of a dermoid cyst:

Answer 43

depending on whether the cyst forms above the mylohyoid bone or below it will be on the floor of the mouth (above) or in the upper neck (below)

Question 44

prevalence of dermoid cyst

Answer 44

common, mostly found in children age 5 and younger

Question 45

tx of dermoid cyst

Answer 45

surgical removal

Question 46

- a cyst appearing between a maxillary lateral incisor and the adjacent canine - appears as an inverted pear-shaped radiolucency - can cause roots of adjacent teeth to diverge - not a diagnosis, and not considered a distinct, classifiable entity

Answer 46

globulomaxillary lesion

Question 47

tx of a globulomaxillary lesion

Answer 47

surgical removal

Question 48

a nonodontogenic developmental cyst that appears as a heart-shaped radiolucency in the nasopalatine canal

Answer 48

nasopalatine cyst

Question 49

most common nonodontogenic cyst

Answer 49

nasopalatine cyst

Question 50

tx of a nasopalatine cyst

Answer 50

surgical removal

Question 51

cyst within lymphoid tissue of oral mucosa, appear white or yellowish in color

Answer 51

oral lymphoepithelial cyst

Question 52

common regions for oral lymphoepithelial cysts to appear

Answer 52

palatine and lingual tonsils

Question 53

depression of the mandible on the lingual surface, appears as oval shaped radiolucency in posterior mandible beneath the mandibular canal

Answer 53

Stafne bone defect

Question 54

referred to as a pseudocyst because it can be mistaken for one from a radiograph

Answer 54

Stafne bone defect

Question 55

prevalence of a Stafne bone defect

Answer 55

rare, more often found in males over 40 yo

Question 56

tx of Stafne bone defect

Answer 56

none required

Question 57

an asymptomatic non-epithelial lined cavity of the jaw that appears as a large radiolucency scalloped around roots

Answer 57

traumatic bone cyst, simple bone cyst, idiopathic bone cavity

Question 58

prevalence of a traumatic bone cyst

Answer 58

rare, mainly diagnosed in young adults, usually associated with jaw trauma

Question 59

usually associated with jaw trauma

Answer 59

traumatic bone cyst, simple bone cyst, idiopathic bone cavity

Question 60

tx of traumatic bone cyst

Answer 60

varies from none required to surgical intervention