Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTE 1 > MT: STAPH, STREP, ENTERO > Flashcards

MT: STAPH, STREP, ENTERO Flashcards

Midterms Lesson 1

1
Q

Staphylococcus, Genera from the Family _____

A

Micrococcaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Greek word “Staphyle” means

A

bunch of grapes,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Greek word “Kokkos” = means

A

berry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Staphylococcus are ____ anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically)

A

Facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gram Positive cocci, arranged in CLUSTERS or tetrads

A

Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

first to see staphylococci in pus specimen

A

Robert Koch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

first to cultivate in liquid medium

A

Louis Pasteur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

named the bacteria as ‘staphylococcus’

A

Sir Alexander Ongston

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 important human Staphylocci species

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
  3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Based on pigment formation on Nutrient Agar- golden yellow pigment

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Based on pigment formation on Nutrient Agar. white pigment

A

S. epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Based on pigment formation on Nutrient Agar. bright yellow pigment

A

S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogenic staph

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Less Pathogenic staph

A

S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what test has a POSITIVE REACTION = bubble formation after drops of H2O2

A

Catalase test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staph that is positive on Coagulase test

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Staph that is negative on Coagulase test

A

S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S. aureus possesses ____ enzyme which causes blood clot formation

A

COAGULASE enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Based on Novobiocin Susceptibility Test. S. epidermidis

A

SENSITIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Based on Novobiocin Susceptibility Test. 2. S. saprophyticus -

A

RESISTANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gr (+) cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Staphylococcus aureus. Generally in ____ um diameter

A

0.5 -1.5um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Staphylococcus aureus. Natural Habitat:

A

Skin, Upper Respiratory Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S. aureus. Opt. Temp for growth

A

37C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

S. aureus. Opt. pH for growth

A

7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

S. aureus. Color on Nutrient agar

A

Golden yellow and opaque colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

S. aureus. Color on Blood agar

A

golden yellow colonies surrounded by a clear zone of hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

S. aureus. Color on MacConkey agar

A

smaller colonies with pink color due to lactose fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

S. aureus. Color on Mannitol salt agar

A

yellow colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

useful selective medium for recovering S. aureus from faecal specimens when investigating food poisoning

A

Mannitol salt agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

S. aureus. Virulence factors. Cell wall associated structures

A

Peptidoglycan
Capsule
protein A
Clumping factor (bound coagulase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

S. aureus. Virulence factors. Extracellular toxins

A

Haemolysin
Leukocidin
Enterotoxin
TSST
Exfoliatin toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

S. aureus. Virulence factors. Coagulase

A

Staphylokinase
DNAase
Phosphatase
lipase
Phospholipase
hyaluronidase
serokinase
protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

ability to cause
damage to its host

A

Virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Toxins are ____ which can
stimulate the immune system causing massive cytokine release

A

SUPERANTIGENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

massive cytokine release causes

A

SEPSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

MOT of S. aureus

A

Person with lesion
Airborne droplets
Asymptomatic carrier
Cross-infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Clinical Diseases in S. aureus

A
  1. Impetigo
  2. Folliculitis
  3. Furuncles (boils) and carbuncles
  4. Osteomyelitis
  5. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritters disease)
  6. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
  7. Food Poisoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

localized skin infection characterized by pus-filled vesicles (when ruptured, they form yellowish marks) on a reddened or erythematous base; seen mostly in children on their face and limbs

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

inflammation of the hair follicles

A

Folliculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

large pus-filled skin nodules, can progress to deeper layers of the skin and spread into the blood and other body areas

A

Furuncles (boils) and carbuncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
  • inflammation of the bones via bloodstream or through the injury
  • Clinical features: Pain, Swelling, Deformity,
A

Osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

caused by the EXFOLIATIN TOXIN which target the desmoglein 1 complex in
the zona granulosa of the epidermis, resulting in skin exfoliation

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritters disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q
  • cause by TSS toxin
  • acute-onset illness characterized by fever, hypotension, sunburn
    -like rash, and end-organ damage (life threatening)
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

45
Q

associated with the use of Tampons

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

46
Q

-caused by consuming foods with ENTEROTOXIN
- Poultry and uncooked meat products such as ham or corned
beef
- Symptoms: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain and
cramping

A

Food Poisoning

47
Q

Treatment S. aureus

A

Antibiotic therapy
Wound drainage
Device removal
Removal of dead tissue

48
Q

Treatment S. aureus. Antibiotic Therapy

A
  1. Cephalosporins, Penicillins,
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Cloxacillin, Nafcillin,
  4. Vancomycin
49
Q

group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of
Staphylococcus aureus

A

Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

50
Q

Developed a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics ( Methicillins)

A

Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

51
Q

common in hospitals, prisons, and nursing homes, where people with open wounds, invasive devices such as catheters, and weakened immune systems are at
greater risk of healthcare-associated infection

A

Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

52
Q

Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Treatment antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

53
Q

Normal flora of the skin. Not usually pathogenic however patients with compromised immune systems are
at risk of developing infection

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

54
Q

Most infections are hospital acquired. Common cause of bacterial endocarditis in patients with valvular prostheses

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

55
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis. Major Virulence Factor –

A

formation of BIOFILMS on plastic devices

56
Q

Primarily responsible for FOOT ODOR

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

57
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis
ID:

A
  1. Microscopy
  2. Culture
  3. Biochemical Tests: Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)
58
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis. Treatment

A

Vancomycin

59
Q

Normal flora of the female genital tract and perineum
2nd Common cause of Acute UTI in women in reproductive years

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

60
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Source of specimen: ___ 🡪 Microscopy, Culture

61
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Treatment:

A

Quinolones

62
Q

Gram POSITIVE cocci in CHAINS

A

Streptococcus

63
Q

Streptococcus. From the family

A

SPTREPTOCOCCACEAE

64
Q

FASTIDIOUS bacteria which require enriched media (Blood Agar)

A

Streptococcus

65
Q

Sensitive to DRYING, HEAT, DISINFECTANTS

A

Streptococcus

66
Q

Based on Hemolytic reaction on Blood. _____ toxin

A

STREPTOLYSIN toxin

67
Q

Based on Hemolytic reaction on Blood – STREPTOLYSIN toxin. (_____ Classification)

A

Browns Classification

68
Q

base on the precipitins of CHO like antigens on the Cell wall (Polysaccharide and TECHOIC Acid in their cell wall)

A

Lancefield Group of Classification

69
Q

Hemolytic reaction types

A
  1. Beta Hemolysis
  2. Alpha Hemolysis
  3. Gamma Hemolysis
70
Q
  • complete hemolysis/clearing on the zone of hemolysis
  • appear as lightened yellow or transparent
A

Beta Hemolysis

71
Q

Beta Hemolysis. Strep.

A

S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

72
Q

– incomplete hemolysis
- appear as greenish dark

A

Alpha Hemolysis

73
Q

Alpha Hemolysis. Strep.

A

S. pneumonia, Viridans strep

74
Q

no hemolysis occur. ex. Enterococcus

A

Gamma Hemolysis

75
Q

base on precipitin reactions on CHO like antigens on a specific cell wall polysaccharide; ID by Rebecca Lancefield in 1933

A

Lancefield Group

76
Q

Strep. Classification. Group A

A

S. pyogenes

77
Q

Strep. Classification. Group B

A

S. agalactiae

78
Q

Strep. Classification. Group C –

A

S. dysagalactiae

79
Q

Strep. Classification. Group D –

A

Enterococcus: E. faecialis, E. facium
Non enterococcus: S. bovis

80
Q

Biochemical reactions type

A
  1. Optochin Susceptibility
  2. Bile solubility
  3. Capsule
  4. Bacitracin Susceptibility
  5. CAMP Positive
  6. Enterococcus
  7. Fermentation of Inulin
81
Q

Optochin Susceptibility – Sensitive:

A

S. pneumoniae

82
Q

Optochin Susceptibility – Resistant:

83
Q

Bile solubility – Soluble:

A

S. Pneumoniae

84
Q

Bile solubility – Insoluble:

85
Q

Capsule
(+) quellung reaction/Neufeld Reaction

A

S. pneumoniae

86
Q

Capsule. (-) Reaction:

87
Q

Bacitracin Susceptibility – Sensitive:

A

Group A (S. pyogenes)

88
Q

CAMP Positive –

A

S. agalactiae

89
Q

Fermentation of Inulin – Fermenter:

A

S. pneumonia

90
Q

Fermentation of Inulin. - Non fermenter :

91
Q

Important Streptococcal species to
Human

A

A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Streptococcus agalactiae
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Viridans Streptococci

92
Q
  • Inhabits throat, Nasopharynx, skin
  • Best growth achieved at pH 7.4-7.6 and temp of 37C
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

93
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes. Important Virulent Factors

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Toxins
  3. M CHONs
94
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

95
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes. Individuals at high risk:

A
  1. 2-3 y.o with poor personal hygiene 🡪 pyoderma
  2. 5-15 y.o. with recurrent pharyngitis 🡪 RF
  3. Pts with soft tissue infection 🡪streptococcal toxic
    shock syndrome
  4. Pts with previous pharyngitis 🡪 RHD, GN
96
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes. Clinical Diseases

A
  1. Pharyngitis
  2. Scarlet fever
  3. Pyoderma
  4. Impetigo
  5. Erysipelas
  6. Cellulitis
  7. Necrotizing fasciitis
  8. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
  9. Rheumatic fever
  10. Acute Glomerulonephritis
97
Q
  • reddened pharynx (involving tonsils) with exudates
  • generally present; cervical lymphadenopathy
  • can be prominent
A

Pharyngitis

98
Q
  • complication of strep pharyngitis;
  • causes “strawberry tongue”
A

Scarlet fever

99
Q

localized skin infection with vesicles progressing to pustules; no evidence of systemic disease

100
Q

localized skin infection characterized by pus-filled vesicles (when
ruptured, they form yellowish marks) on a reddened or erythematous
base; seen mostly in children on their face and limbs

101
Q

localized skin infection with pain, inflammation, lymph node
enlargement, and systemic symptoms (involve SQ but it is more
demarcated)

A

Erysipelas

102
Q

(similar to erysipelas but it has more irregular borders and
doesn’t have demarcation) skin infection involving the SQ tissues

A

Cellulitis

103
Q

deep skin infection involving destruction of muscle and
fat layers; flesh- eating bacteria

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

104
Q

multiorgan systemic infection resembling staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome but most patients are bacteremic and with evidence of fasciitis

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

105
Q

non-suppurative complication of strep pharyngitis characterized by inflammatory changes of the heart (pancarditis),
joints (arthralgia, arthritis), blood vessels, and SQ tissues

A

Rheumatic fever

106
Q

non-suppurative complication of strep
pharyngitis or soft tissue infections characterized by acute
inflammation of the renal glomeruli with edema (sequalae
of destruction of renal parenchyma), HTN, hematuria, proteinuria

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

107
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes. Specimen samples frequently from

A

skin, throat, urine, blood, sputum

BACTE 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions