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BACTE 1 > MT: NON-ENTERIC GRAM NEGATIVE PATHOGENS > Flashcards

MT: NON-ENTERIC GRAM NEGATIVE PATHOGENS Flashcards

1
Q

Non-enteric Gram
Negative Pathogens

A

Vibrio
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas

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2
Q

Vibrio. Can be differentiated from Enterobacteriaceae by:

A
  • positive oxidase reaction
  • presence of polar flagella (Monotrichous)
  • growth in an alkaline pH (ph 7-9)
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3
Q

All species except V. cholerae and V. mimicus require increased _____ for growth
🡪HALOPHILIC (“salt-loving”)

A

sodium chloride

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4
Q

result of being injured
while in a marine environment

A

Soft tissue infections

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5
Q

result of ingesting food
or water containing large numbers of organisms

A

Gastrointestinal infections

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6
Q
  • Short ( 0.5 um by 3.0 um)
    gram negative rods
  • Appear to be comma
    shaped on initial isolation
A

Vibrio

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7
Q

selective media
use to isolate Vibrio species

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Agar (TCBS)

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8
Q

TCBS pH

A

8.6

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9
Q

is positive for V. cholera but not
with V. parahaemolyticus

A

Sucrose fermentation

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10
Q

in Vibrio, this agar –colorless colonies (slow lactose fermenter)

A

MacConkey agar

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11
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus – does not ferment
sucrose thats why its colonies are color ___

A

green

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12
Q

Vibrio cholerae – ferments
sucrose thats why its colonies are color ___

A

yellow

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13
Q

2 groups of Vibrio cholerae base on O antigen

A

A. O1 group
B. nonO1 group

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14
Q

O1 group – ___ disease

A

epidemic disease

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15
Q

nonO1 group – either ___ disease or are nonpathogenic

A

sporadic disease

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16
Q

O1 group. 2 biotypes

A

El Tor strain
Classical strain

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17
Q

biotypes - recent pandemic

A

El Tor strain

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18
Q

biotypes - pandemic of the past

A

Classical strain

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19
Q

3 serotypes – based on ____ differences

A

antigenic differences

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20
Q

serotypes - prevalence on the Philippines

A

Ogawa

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21
Q

serotypes - India

A

Inaba

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22
Q

serotypes - Japan

A

Hikojima

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23
Q

Produces choleragenic toxin
Cultured on Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) and
TCBS
Causes Cholera with a characteristic “rice watery
stool”

A

Vibrio cholerae

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24
Q

V. cholerae. POSITIVE on a String Test: Reagent is ___

A

0.5% Na Deoxycholate

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25
Q

Intestinal infection causing PROFUSE WATERY DIARRHEA

Can be Endemic, Epidemic or Pandemic

A

Cholera

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26
Q

the principal ones associated with epidemic cholera

A

V cholerae O1 and V cholerae O139

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27
Q

Cholera.___ and ___ are mainly affected; L. Intestine not affected

A

Duodenum and upper jejunum

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28
Q

Cholera. Incubation period – hours or days with a mean

A

2 to 3 days

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29
Q

Cholera Fluid losses

A

15 to 20 L per day

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30
Q

V. cholerae. Smears – ___ or ____ microscopy

A

Dark field or phase contrast microscopy

31
Q

Treatment cholera

A

Rehydration/Fluid loss Replacement

Antibiotic: Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin

Oral feeding continues

32
Q

A marine organism transmitted by ingestion raw or
undercooked seafood, especially shellfish such as
oysters

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

33
Q

A major cause of diarrhea in Japan where raw fish
is eaten in large quantities

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

34
Q

Little is known about the pathogenesis except that
an enterotoxin similar to cholera is secreted and
little invasion sometimes occurs

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

35
Q

Non sucrose fermenter 🡪 green colonies on
TCBS

Halophilic and non hemolytic on BAP

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

36
Q

Also a marine organism, ie, it is found in warm salt waters such as the Caribbean sea, Causes severe skin and soft tissue infections (cellulitis) especially in shellfish handlers, who
often sustain wounds

A

Vibrio vulnificus

37
Q

Can also cause a rapidly fatal septicemia in
immunocompromised people who have eaten raw
shellfish containing the organism

A

Vibrio vulnificus

38
Q
  • Non sucrose fermenter 🡪 green colonies
    on TCBS
  • Lactose fermenter
  • ONPG positive (ortho-Nitrophenyl-
    β-galactoside) to test the presence of
    beta Galactosidase
A

Vibrio vulnificus

39
Q

Vibrio vulnificus. ONPG positive. ONPG means

A

ortho-Nitrophenyl-
β-galactoside

40
Q

Small, thin, helical, gram-negative rod. “sea-gull” wing appearance

A

Campylobacter

41
Q

Campylobacter. Optimum temp for growth:

A

42-43C

42
Q

Campylobacter. Microaerophilic & capnophilic. Percentages?

A

5%O2, 10%CO2, 85%N2

43
Q

Campylobacter. Distinctive rapid ____ MOTILITY

A

DARTING MOTILITY

44
Q

Campylobacter. Selective Culture medium:

A

CAMPY’S BAP and
SKIRROWS

45
Q

Campylobacter. Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly

A

avian (bird) reservoirs

46
Q

Inflammatory process consistent with invasion of the
organisms into the intestinal tissue; M-cell (Peyer’s
patches) uptake and presentation of antigen to underlying
lymphatic system

A

Campylobacter

47
Q

Putative Virulence Factors
Cellular components:

A

Endotoxin
Flagellum: Motility
Adhesins: Mediate attachment to mucosa
Invasins

48
Q

Putative Virulence Factors
Extracellular components:

A

Enterotoxins
Cytopathic toxins

49
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
associated with

A

C. jejuni serogroup O19

50
Q

Autoimmune disease in which one’s Immune System attack his own NERVES

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

51
Q

Lab Identification. Hippurate hydrolysis. Susceptibility to nalidixic acid & cephalothin

A

Campylobacter jejuni

52
Q

Gastroenteritis treatment

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin

53
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), Treatment

A

Intensive-care unit for 33% of cases

Intravenous Immunoglobulins therapy

54
Q

Helicobacter. First observed in

A

1983

55
Q

Helicobacter old name

A

Campylobacter pyloridis

56
Q

First observed in 1983 as Campylobacter-like
organisms in the stomachs of patients with type B gastritis

A

Helicobacter

57
Q

Helicobacter was first established in

A

1989

58
Q

Helicobacter. (male homosexuals; rodents)

A

H. cinaedi, H. fenneliae

59
Q

Associated with Peptic Ulcer Disease

Natural habitat is the human stomach; found in the
mucus secreting cells

A

Helicobacter pylori

60
Q

Helicobacter pylori. Uses acid neutralization by ___ to combat gastric acidity, allowing gastric colonization

A

UREASE

61
Q

Helicobacter pylori shape and size

A

Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0
um X 2.5-5.0 um);

62
Q

Helicobacter pylori Produce

A

urease, mucinase, and catalase

63
Q

___ tuft (lophotrichous) of 4-6 sheathed
flagella (30um X 2.5nm) attached at one pole

A

H. pylori

64
Q

Most gastric adenocarcinomas and lymphomas are concurrent with or preceded by an infection
with

A

H. pylori

65
Q

H. pylori. Culture media containing __ or __ blood

A

whole or lysed

66
Q

Microaerophilic

Grow well at 37oC, but not at 25 nor 42oC

Like Campylobacter, does not use carbohydrates,
neither fermentatively nor oxidatively

A

H. pylori.

67
Q

Test for H. pylori

A

Urease Breath Test

68
Q

H. pylori. Triple Therapy Regimen

A
  1. proton pump inhibitors (PPI),
  2. clarithromycin
  3. amoxicillin or metronidazole
69
Q

Gr (-) bacilli FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

OXIDASE POSITIVE

Generally motile with MONOTRICHOUS FLAGELLA

A

Aeromonas

70
Q

Found in fresh water and sea water 🡪 causes disease in
cold blooded animals

In Humans, causes gastroenteritis, cellulitis and wound infections from contaminated water

A

Aeromonas

71
Q

Aeromonas. Culture media:

A
  1. EMB
  2. MacConkey Agar
  3. Salmonella-Shigella agar
  4. Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiosin
72
Q

Plesiomonas most common specie

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

73
Q

Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been
isolated from freshwater

Important in Japan as a cause of Gastritis

A

Plesiomonas

74
Q

Cannot tolerate SALTWATER due to high salt content
(>4%)

grows optimally between 35°C and 39°C

A

Plesiomonas

BACTE 1 (9 decks)

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