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BACTE 1 > MT: NON FERMENTIVE GRAM NEG BACILLI > Flashcards

MT: NON FERMENTIVE GRAM NEG BACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

what are the non fermentive gram negative bacilli

A

Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Flavobacterium
Burkholderia
Alcaligenes
Eikenella
Kingella
Stenotrophomonas
Actinobacillus
Achromobacter
Capnocytophaga
Cardiobacterium

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2
Q

Gram-negative rods, Motile, Aerobic non-fermenting, Produces blue green pigments

A

Pseudomonas

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3
Q

pyocyanin

A

blue

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4
Q

pyoverdin

A

green

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5
Q

pyorubin

A

red

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6
Q

Pseudomonas is Oxidase ___

A

oxidase positive

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7
Q

Pseudomonas is found widely in soil, water, plants, animals 🡪 ______

A

UBIQUITOUS

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8
Q

Pseudomonas TSI:

A

K/K -

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9
Q

Form mucoid colonies as a result of overproduction of
alginate, an exopolysaccharide which appears to provide the
matrix for the organisms to live in a biofilm

A

Pseudomonas

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10
Q

Pseudomonas forms mucoid colonies as a result of overproduction of _____

A

alginate

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11
Q

(Pseudomonas) Alginate is an exopolysaccharide which appears to provide the
matrix for the organisms to live in a ____ for protection

A

biofilm

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12
Q

Growth of pseudomonads on spoiling foods can generate a “____” odor

A

“fruity”

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13
Q

Pseudomonas WEAPONS

A

Pili
Exopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide
Extracellular enzymes
Exotoxin A ADP EF-2

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14
Q

extend from the cell surface
promote attachment to host epithelial cells

A

Pili (fimbriae)

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15
Q

mucoid colonies
Difficult to remove via phagocytosis
cystic fibrosis

A

Exopolysaccharide

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16
Q

immunotypes
endotoxic properties of the organism

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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17
Q

(Pseudomonas) what are the Extracellular enzymes

A

Elastases
Proteases
2 Hemolysins

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18
Q

In Extracellular enzymes, what are the two hemolysins

A
  1. a heat-labile phospholipase C
  2. heat-stable glycolipid
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19
Q

tissue necrosis and inflammation
Gram negative shock in septicemia
lethal for animals when injected in purified form
toxin blocks protein synthesis by a mechanism of action identical to that of diphtheria toxin

A

Exotoxin A ADP EF-2

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20
Q

Pseudomonas weapon that is resistant to many antimicrobial agents

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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21
Q

Weapon of Pseudomonas that causes Fever, Shock, Oliguria, Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, disseminated intravascular
coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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22
Q

Best studied SIGNIFICANT HUMAN PATHOGEN

Increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical relevance

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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23
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Low susceptibility to most Antibiotics

A
  1. antibiotic resistance genes
  2. low permeability of the bacterial cellular envelopes
  3. Chromosomal MUTATION
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24
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical Findings

A

GI colonization
Meningitis
Urinary tract infection
Necrotizing pneumonia
Mild otitis externa
Invasive (malignant) otitis externa
Hemorrhagic necrosis of skin

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25
Q

Mild otitis externa aka

A

swimmers ear

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26
Q

invasive (malignant) otitis externa 🡪 ____ patients

A

diabetic patients

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27
Q

infants or debilitated persons, P. aeruginosa may invade the bloodstream and
result in

A

fatal sepsis

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28
Q

P. aeruginosa. CF. SKIN –

A

Whirpool associated dermatitis

29
Q
  • occurs often in sepsis due to P. aeruginosa
  • ecthyma gangrenosum
  • surrounded by erythema and
    often do not contain pus
A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of skin

30
Q

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests. P. aeruginosa. Sites

A

skin lesions, pus, urine, blood, spinal fluid, sputum, and other
material should be obtained as indicated by the type of infection

31
Q

P. aeruginosa. Culture. Selective media

A

Cetrimide Agar

32
Q

P. aeruginosa should not be treated with

A

single-drug therapy

33
Q

penicillin active against P aeruginosa— ____ or
______ —is used in combination with an aminoglycoside,
usually ______

A

ticarcillin or piperacillin
tobramycin

34
Q

is used in primary therapy of P. aeruginosa infections

A

ceftazidime

35
Q

nosocomial pathogen, thrives in moist environments, special attention should be paid to sinks, water baths, showers, hot tubs, and other wet areas
what bacteria?

A

P. aeruginosa

36
Q
  • ubiquitous Gram-negative
  • obligately aerobic
  • rod-shaped bacteria that are motile by means of single or
    multiple polar flagella
  • found in marine environments
A

Burkholderia

37
Q

non motile Burkholderia

A

Burkholderia mallei

38
Q

small, nonmotile, nonpigmented, aerobic gram-negative rod. Causes GLANDERS disease

A

Burkholderia mallei

39
Q

GLANDERS disease is a disease of

A

horses, mules, and donkeys

40
Q

in its human infection, inhalation of the organisms may lead to primary pneumonia. Fatal and begins as an ulcer of the skin or mucous membranes.
- Lymphangitis and sepsis

A

Burkholderia mallei

41
Q

its diagnosis consists of rising - - agglutinin titers
- culture of the organism from local lesions of humans or horses
- tetracycline plus an aminoglycoside

A

Burkholderia mallei

42
Q

formation of nodular lesions in
the lungs and ulceration of
the mucous membranes in
the upper respiratory
tract

A

Glanders Disease

43
Q
  • small, motile, aerobic gram-negative bacillus
  • mucoid and smooth to rough and wrinkled
  • cream to orange
A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

44
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei
- __ °C and oxidizes glucose and lactose

45
Q

also called Whitmore’s disease

A

MELIODOSIS

46
Q
  • B. pseudomallei transmitted through the upper airway or
    nasopharynx
  • subsequent to a localized suppurative infection and bacteremia
  • fever and leukocytosis, with consolidation of the upper lobes
A

melioidosis

47
Q

most common form of melioidosis is

A

pulmonary infection🡪
primary pneumonitis

48
Q

MELIODOSIS found in contaminated ___

A

soil and water

49
Q

Treatment Melioidosis

A
  1. Surgical drainage of localized infection
  2. tetracycline, sulfonamides, piperacillin, imipenem
  3. severe infections should be treated parenterally
50
Q
  • free-living gram-negative rod
  • lavender-green or gray color
  • oxidase-negative and lysine decarboxylase-positive
  • indwelling plastic intravenous catheters
A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

51
Q
  • aerobic gram-negative bacteria
  • soil and water, nosocomial
  • resistant to antimicrobial agents (gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin and to
    newer penicillins or cephalosporins)
A

Aggregatibacter

52
Q

Aggregatibacter species most commonly isolated

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

53
Q

Uncommon Gram-Negative Bacteria, grows slowly
- causes severe periodontal disease in adolescents, endocarditis, abscesses,
osteomyelitis, and other infections

A

Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus)
actinomycetemcomitans

54
Q

Achromobacter and Alcaligenes. What differentiates them from pseudomonas

A

peritrichous flagella and are motile,

55
Q
  • alkalinize citrate medium and oxidation-fermentation medium
  • containing glucose
  • urease-negative
  • normal human bacterial flora
  • isolated from respirators, nebulizers, and renal dialysis systems
A

Achromobacter and Alcaligenes

56
Q
  • slow-growing capnophilic, gram-negative, fusiform or filamentous bacilli
  • fermentative
  • facultative anaerobes
  • require CO2 for aerobic growth
A

Capnocytophaga

57
Q

Capnocytophaga motility

A

gliding motility

58
Q
  • severe periodontal disease in juveniles
  • bacteremia and severe systemic disease in immunocompromised patients,
    especially granulocytopenic patients with oral ulcerations
A

Capnocytophaga

59
Q

facultatively anaerobic
pleomorphic gram-negative rod
normal flora of the upper respiratory tract and bowel
causes endocarditis

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

60
Q
  • small, fastidious, capnophilic gram-negative rod
  • gingival and bowel flora of humans
  • mixed flora infections associated with contamination by oral mucosal
    organisms
A

Eikenella corrodens

61
Q

human bites/clench fist injury

A

Eikenella corrodens

62
Q

Eikenella corrodens resistant to

A

clindamycin

63
Q

Eikenella corrodens susceptible to

A

ampicillin and the newer penicillins and cephalosporins

64
Q

small, fastidious, capnophilic gram-negative rod, pits in agar

A

Eikenella corrodens

65
Q

hemolytic when grown on blood agar, gram-negative rod, but coccobacillary and diplococcal, normal oral flora
causes infections of bone, joints, and tendons, endocarditis

A

Kingella kingae

66
Q

enters the circulation with minor oral trauma such as tooth brushing

susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and other antimicrobial
drugs

A

Kingella kingae

67
Q

Gram-negative
non-motile
rod-shaped bacteria
Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish

A

Flavobacterium

68
Q

Endocarditis in children (HACEK)

A
  1. Haemophilus (Haemophilus parainfluenzae)
  2. Aggregatibacter (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
    Aggregatibacter aphrophilus)
  3. Cardiobacterium hominis
  4. Eikenella corrodens
  5. Kingella (Kingella kingae)

BACTE 1 (9 decks)

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