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BACTE 1 > L3: ANTIBIOTICS AND AST > Flashcards

L3: ANTIBIOTICS AND AST Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Chemicals produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other
microorganisms

A

ANTIBIOTICS

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3
Q

ANTIBIOTICS Can be ___or ____

A

BACTERICIDAL or BACTERIOSTATIC

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4
Q

Antibiotics is classified as ___ or ___

A

NARROW spectrum or BROAD Spectrum

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5
Q

ANTIBIOTICS, with limited coverage against some specific bacteria

A

Narrow Spectrum

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6
Q

ANTIBIOTICS, that has a wide coverage to groups of bacteria

A

Broad spectrum

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7
Q

Antibiotics, (3) Routes of Administration:

A

Oral, IV, IM

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8
Q

occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the
effects of antimicrobials/antibiotics

A

Bacterial Resistance

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9
Q

Bacterial Resistance 4 types

A

1.Intrinsic Resistance
2. Acquired Resistance
3. Genetic Change
4. DNA Transfer

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10
Q

type of bacterial resistance: through evolution by changing their structure or
components.

A

Intrinsic Resistance

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11
Q

type of bacterial resistance: through a new genetic mutation that helps the
bacterium survive or by getting DNA from a bacterium that already is
resistant.

A

Acquired Resistance

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12
Q

Acquired Resistance ; Resistant strains outgrow Susceptible strains 🡪
new strains are R

A

Chromosomal Mutations:

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13
Q

Acquired Resistance ; extrachromosomal elements of DNA that are assoc with
virulence and antibiotic R

A

Plasmids

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14
Q

“jumping genes”; can transfer from plasmid to
plasmid or from DNA chromosome to plasmid

A

Transposons

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15
Q

Bacterium DNA change and alter the
production of protein 🡪 different bacterial components and
receptors 🡪bacteria unrecognized by the antibiotic

A

Genetic Change

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16
Q

Bacteria can share genetic components with other bacteria
and transfer the resistant DNA through a horizontal gene transfer.

A

DNA Transfer

17
Q

Factors for Antibiotic Resistance

A

Natural Occurrence/Selection
Self-medication
Clinical Misuse/Overuse
Environmental Pollution/Improper discarding of unsused/used antibiotics
Overuse of disinfectants

18
Q

Laboratory test/procedure in microbiology to determine which
drug will inhibit/kill the microorganism and which drug is
resistant to the microorganism

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

19
Q

The result will help the physician to decide which drug
(antibiotic) is effective in killing the bacteria causing the
infection as well as what bacteria is present or causing the
infection

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

20
Q

CLSI and EUCAST meaning

A

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).

21
Q

MC (best) use is ____ AGAR

A

MUELLER-HINTON AGAR

22
Q
  • low in Ca and Mg ions that interfere activity of antibiotic
  • gives favorable growth on fastidious bacteria)
A

MUELLER-HINTON AGAR

23
Q

Conc of bacteria that will be added to the agar or broth

A

Inoculum

24
Q

used as a reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within a given range to standardize
microbial testing
Usually at 0.5

A

McFarland standard

25
Q

Methods of antibiotic sensitivity test

A

Disc Diffusion method
MIC method
E test
Automated Systems

26
Q

Disc Diffusion method

A

KIRBY BAUER DISK DIFFUSION TEST

27
Q

placing a strip impregnated with antimicrobials onto an agar
plate

A

E test

28
Q

VITEK 2, BD Phoenix, and Microscan systems, are the most common methodology for AST

A

Automated Systems

29
Q

culture-based microbiology assay used in diagnostic and drug
discovery laboratories, performed by inoculating the surface of an agar plate with bacteria isolated from a patient’s infection

A

Kirby Bauer test Method

30
Q

circular area around the spot of the antibiotic
in which the bacteria colonies do not grow

A

Zone Of Inhibition:

31
Q

Qualitative method: S___, I___, R___

A

Sensitive, Intermediate, Resistant

32
Q

MIC means

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

33
Q

Quantitative method to determine the lowest concentration of an
antibiotic to prevent visible in vitro growth of bacteria

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

34
Q

the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a
bacterium over a fixed, somewhat extended period

A

*MBC: Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

BACTE 1 (9 decks)

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