MSK - The Hip Bone

Question 1

The two symmetrical hip bones are part of what structure?

Answer 1

The Pelvic Girdle

Question 2

What attachments of the skeleton does the pelvic girdle make?

Answer 2

Attaches the axial skeleton to the lower limbs

Question 3

How many articulations do the hip bones have and what do they articulate with?

What are the names of the articulations?

Answer 3

Sacroiliac Joint - Articulates with the sacrum

Pubic Symphysis - Articulates with corresponding hip bone

Hip Joint - Articulates with head of the femur

Question 4

How many parts is the hip bone made up of?

Name these parts

Answer 4

3

Ilium, Pubis and Ischium

Question 5

What separates these three parts and when do they start fusing and when do they finish?

Answer 5

** The Triradiate Cartilage**

Begin at ages 15-17

Finish at around 20-25 years

Question 6

The fusion of the three parts of the hip bone forms what?

What articulates here?

Answer 6

Their fusion forms a cup-shaped socket known as the acetabulum

The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint

Question 7

What part of the hip bone is most superior, largest and widest?

Answer 7

The Ilium

Question 8

What part of the acetabulum does the Ilium form?

Answer 8

The superior part

Question 9

What part of the Ilium is immediately above the acetabulum?

Answer 9

The Wing of Ilium

Question 10

What are the two surfaces of the Wing of Ilium?

What shapes are they?

What groups of muscles do they provide attachments for?

Answer 10

Inner Surface (Iliac Fossa) is concave and provides muscle attachment for the iliacus muscle

Outer Surface (Gluteal Surface) is convex and provides muscle attachment for gluteal muscles

Question 11

What margin of the Ilium is thickened?

What structure does this form?

Where does this structure extend from and to?

Answer 11

Superior Margin thickened

Forms the Iliac Crest

Extends from the Anterior Supererior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

Question 12

What does the ASIS provide attachment for?

Answer 12

The Inguinal Ligament

Question 13

Where else does the **Inguinal Ligament **attach apart from the ASIS?

Answer 13

To the Pubic Tubercle

Question 14

What can be palpated midway along the inguinal ligament?

What is found laterally to this?

Answer 14

The femoral artery

Laterally to the **F.E **is the Femoral Vein

Question 15

How can True Leg Length be measured?

Answer 15

Measured from the ASIS to the Medial Malleolus of the Ankle Joint

Question 16

How can Apparant Leg Length be measures?

Answer 16

From the **Umbilicus **to the Medial Malleolus

Question 17

What are the green, yellow and red highlighted areas?

What part of the hib bone does this make?

Answer 17

Ultimately makes up the Pubis

Question 18

What is the labelled hole known as?

Answer 18

Question 19

What passes through the obturator foramen?

Answer 19

The obturator nerve, artery and vein

Question 20

What overall structure is composed of the three highlighted structures?

Label the highlighted structures

Answer 20

The Ischium

Question 21

The inferior ischial ramus combines with what pubic structure to form what overall structure?

Answer 21

The **inferior pubic ramus **and the inferior ischial ramus combine to form the ischiopubic ramus

Question 22

What does the ischiopubic ramus enclose part of?

Answer 22

The obturator foramen

Question 23

What is being labelled?

What is the function of this bony landmark?

Answer 23

The Ischial Tuborosity

When sitting, our body weight falls on these

Question 24

Please label the rest of the Ischial Bony Landmarks

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the important ligament attachments to the Ischium?

Answer 25

The Sacrospinous Ligament and the Sacrotuberous Ligament

Question 26

Where does the Sacrospinous Ligament run from and to?

What does this create?

What runs through here?

Answer 26

Runs from the Ischial Spine to the Sacrum creating the Greater Sciatic Foramen through which the lower limb vasculature (including the sciatic nerve) and pisiformis muscle transend

Question 27

The **Lesser Sciatic Foramen **is formed by what?

Answer 27

The Sacrospinous Ligament and the Sacrotuberous Ligament

Question 28

What are the two common ways that the hip bone might be fractured?

Answer 28

Direct Trauma

Forces Transmitted to the lower limb (eg in heavy fall onto the feet)

Question 29

What are the weaker points of the hip bone?

Answer 29

Pubic Rami

Acetabulum

Sacroiliac Joint

Question 30

What are some common complications with hip bone fractures?

Answer 30

Soft Tissue Injury particularly in the bladder or utethra

Question 31

What has happened in this X-Ray?

Answer 31

Fracture of the left pelvic bone. The femoral head has been driven through the acetabulum.