MSK - The Hip Bone Flashcards
Images reproduced, with permission, from teachmeanatomy.info
The two symmetrical hip bones are part of what structure?
The Pelvic Girdle
What attachments of the skeleton does the pelvic girdle make?
Attaches the axial skeleton to the lower limbs
How many articulations do the hip bones have and what do they articulate with?
What are the names of the articulations?
Sacroiliac Joint - Articulates with the sacrum
Pubic Symphysis - Articulates with corresponding hip bone
Hip Joint - Articulates with head of the femur
How many parts is the hip bone made up of?
Name these parts
3
Ilium, Pubis and Ischium
What separates these three parts and when do they start fusing and when do they finish?
** The Triradiate Cartilage**
Begin at ages 15-17
Finish at around 20-25 years
The fusion of the three parts of the hip bone forms what?
What articulates here?
Their fusion forms a cup-shaped socket known as the acetabulum
The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
What part of the hip bone is most superior, largest and widest?
The Ilium
What part of the acetabulum does the Ilium form?
The superior part
What part of the Ilium is immediately above the acetabulum?
The Wing of Ilium
What are the two surfaces of the Wing of Ilium?
What shapes are they?
What groups of muscles do they provide attachments for?
Inner Surface (Iliac Fossa) is concave and provides muscle attachment for the iliacus muscle
Outer Surface (Gluteal Surface) is convex and provides muscle attachment for gluteal muscles
What margin of the Ilium is thickened?
What structure does this form?
Where does this structure extend from and to?
Superior Margin thickened
Forms the Iliac Crest
Extends from the Anterior Supererior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
What does the ASIS provide attachment for?
The Inguinal Ligament
Where else does the **Inguinal Ligament **attach apart from the ASIS?
To the Pubic Tubercle
What can be palpated midway along the inguinal ligament?
What is found laterally to this?
The femoral artery
Laterally to the **F.E **is the Femoral Vein
How can True Leg Length be measured?
Measured from the ASIS to the Medial Malleolus of the Ankle Joint
How can Apparant Leg Length be measures?
From the **Umbilicus **to the Medial Malleolus
What are the green, yellow and red highlighted areas?
What part of the hib bone does this make?
Ultimately makes up the Pubis
What is the labelled hole known as?
What passes through the obturator foramen?
The obturator nerve, artery and vein
What overall structure is composed of the three highlighted structures?
Label the highlighted structures
The Ischium
The inferior ischial ramus combines with what pubic structure to form what overall structure?
The **inferior pubic ramus **and the inferior ischial ramus combine to form the ischiopubic ramus
What does the ischiopubic ramus enclose part of?
The obturator foramen
What is being labelled?
What is the function of this bony landmark?
The Ischial Tuborosity
When sitting, our body weight falls on these
Please label the rest of the Ischial Bony Landmarks
What are the important ligament attachments to the Ischium?
The Sacrospinous Ligament and the Sacrotuberous Ligament
Where does the Sacrospinous Ligament run from and to?
What does this create?
What runs through here?
Runs from the Ischial Spine to the Sacrum creating the Greater Sciatic Foramen through which the lower limb vasculature (including the sciatic nerve) and pisiformis muscle transend
The **Lesser Sciatic Foramen **is formed by what?
The Sacrospinous Ligament and the Sacrotuberous Ligament
What are the two common ways that the hip bone might be fractured?
Direct Trauma
Forces Transmitted to the lower limb (eg in heavy fall onto the feet)
What are the weaker points of the hip bone?
Pubic Rami
Acetabulum
Sacroiliac Joint
What are some common complications with hip bone fractures?
Soft Tissue Injury particularly in the bladder or utethra
What has happened in this X-Ray?
Fracture of the left pelvic bone. The femoral head has been driven through the acetabulum.
