MSK - Bones of the Foot

Question 1

What are the three categories that bones of the foot can be placed into?

Answer 1

• *1) Tarsals** – The most proximal set of bones. There are seven of these
• *2) Metatarsals** – Five bones (one for each digit), they connect the phalanges to the tarsals
• *3) Phalanges** – The bones of the digits

Question 2

What are the three further groups that the tarsals can be subcatagorised into?

Answer 2

Proximal

Intermediate

Distal

Question 3

What are the bones of the proximal group?

Answer 3

Talus

Calcaneus

Question 4

What is the most superior of the tarsal bones?

Where does it articulate and to form what?

What is its function?

What can it be split into?

Answer 4

The Talus

Articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint

Transmits the weight of the body from the tibia to the foot

Head, Neck and Body

Question 5

What muscular attachments does the Talus have?

What is it covered by?

Answer 5

None

Covered by articular cartilage

Question 6

Where is the Calcaneus located?

Answer 6

Lies underneath the talus as the bone of the heel

Question 7

What is the function of the Calcaneus?

Along with the Talus, where does it articulate?

Answer 7

Transmit forces from the body to the ground

Articulates with the cuboid bone anteriorly

Question 8

Where can a fracture of the Talus occur?

Answer 8

Neck or Body

Question 9

How can the neck of the Talus fracture?

How can the body of the Talus fracture?

Answer 9

Excessive dorsiflexion of the foot, with the neck pushed into the tibia

Jumping from a height

Question 10

Why is there little displacement of fragments in a talar fracture?

Answer 10

The two malleoli hold the fragments together

Question 11

When might a talus fracture require urgent medical attention and why?

Answer 11

Because the blood supply to the Talus is susceptible to damage, it can be damaged and requires attention to prevent avascular necrosis

Question 12

How does a Calcaneus fracture appear on a radiograph?

Answer 12

Shorter and Fatter

Question 13

How does the Calcaneus become fractured in a fall from a height?

Answer 13

Talus is driven into it

Question 14

What is the intermediate bone called and why?

What bones does it articulate with and in which directions?

Answer 14

The Navicular because it is shaped like a boat

Talus - Posterioly

**Cuneiform bones - Anteriorly **

Cubiod - Laterally

Question 15

What bony landmark is located on the navicular plantar surface?

What attaches here?

Answer 15

A Tuberosity

The Tibialis Posterior tendon

Question 16

What are the four bones in the Distal group?

Answer 16

1 x Cuboid

3 x Cuneiforms

Question 17

What attaches to the Cuboid bone?

Answer 17

The fibularis longus muscle

Question 18

What shape are the **Cuneiform **bones?

What are their names?

What bones do they articulate with and in what direction?

Answer 18

Wedge shaped bones

Lateral, medial and intermediate

Navicular posterioly and metatarsals anteriorly

Question 19

What are the matatarsals labelled and in what direction?

Answer 19

Numbered I-V, medially to laterally

Question 20

What are the proximal Metatarsals articulations?

Answer 20

Cuneiforms and cuboid

Question 21

What are the lateral metatarsal articulations?

Answer 21

Adjacent metatarsals

Question 22

What are the distal metatarsal articulations?

Answer 22

Phalanges

Question 23

How are the metatarsals commonly fractured? (3 ways)

Answer 23

Blow to the foot, usually from a heavy object dropping on it

Stress from repetitive stress, common in athletes

Excessive Inversion of the foot. Violent inversion causes the fibularis brevis muscle to pull the base off of metatarsal V

Question 24

How many phalanges does each toe have?

How many are there in total

Answer 24

2 in the big toe and three in all others

14 in total

Question 25

Label all highlighted bones

Answer 25