MSK - Bones of the Foot Flashcards
Images reproduced, with permission, from teachmeanatomy.info
What are the three categories that bones of the foot can be placed into?
- *1) Tarsals** – The most proximal set of bones. There are seven of these
- *2) Metatarsals** – Five bones (one for each digit), they connect the phalanges to the tarsals
- *3) Phalanges** – The bones of the digits
What are the three further groups that the tarsals can be subcatagorised into?
Proximal
Intermediate
Distal
What are the bones of the proximal group?
Talus
Calcaneus
What is the most superior of the tarsal bones?
Where does it articulate and to form what?
What is its function?
What can it be split into?
The Talus
Articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
Transmits the weight of the body from the tibia to the foot
Head, Neck and Body
What muscular attachments does the Talus have?
What is it covered by?
None
Covered by articular cartilage
Where is the Calcaneus located?
Lies underneath the talus as the bone of the heel
What is the function of the Calcaneus?
Along with the Talus, where does it articulate?
Transmit forces from the body to the ground
Articulates with the cuboid bone anteriorly
Where can a fracture of the Talus occur?
Neck or Body
How can the neck of the Talus fracture?
How can the body of the Talus fracture?
Excessive dorsiflexion of the foot, with the neck pushed into the tibia
Jumping from a height
Why is there little displacement of fragments in a talar fracture?
The two malleoli hold the fragments together
When might a talus fracture require urgent medical attention and why?
Because the blood supply to the Talus is susceptible to damage, it can be damaged and requires attention to prevent avascular necrosis
How does a Calcaneus fracture appear on a radiograph?
Shorter and Fatter
How does the Calcaneus become fractured in a fall from a height?
Talus is driven into it
What is the intermediate bone called and why?
What bones does it articulate with and in which directions?
The Navicular because it is shaped like a boat
Talus - Posterioly
**Cuneiform bones - Anteriorly **
Cubiod - Laterally
What bony landmark is located on the navicular plantar surface?
What attaches here?
A Tuberosity
The Tibialis Posterior tendon
What are the four bones in the Distal group?
1 x Cuboid
3 x Cuneiforms
What attaches to the Cuboid bone?
The fibularis longus muscle
What shape are the **Cuneiform **bones?
What are their names?
What bones do they articulate with and in what direction?
Wedge shaped bones
Lateral, medial and intermediate
Navicular posterioly and metatarsals anteriorly
What are the matatarsals labelled and in what direction?
Numbered I-V, medially to laterally
What are the proximal Metatarsals articulations?
Cuneiforms and cuboid
What are the lateral metatarsal articulations?
Adjacent metatarsals
What are the distal metatarsal articulations?
Phalanges
How are the metatarsals commonly fractured? (3 ways)
Blow to the foot, usually from a heavy object dropping on it
Stress from repetitive stress, common in athletes
Excessive Inversion of the foot. Violent inversion causes the fibularis brevis muscle to pull the base off of metatarsal V
How many phalanges does each toe have?
How many are there in total
2 in the big toe and three in all others
14 in total
Label all highlighted bones
