MSK - Muscles of the Gluteal Region Flashcards
Where is the Gluteal Region located?
Posteriorly to the pelvic girdle
Proximal end of the femur
What do the muscles in this region do?
Move the lower limb at the hip joint
The muscles in the gluteal region can be divided into how many groups?
What are the names of these groups?
2
Superficial abductors and extenders
Deep lateral rotators
What do the superficial abductors and extenders do?
What muscles are contained in this group?
Abduct and extend the femur
Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus.
What do the deep lateral rotators do?
What muscles are contained in this group?
Laterally rotate the femur
Quadratus Femoris, Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Gemellus Inferior and Obturator Internus
What is the largest and most superficial gluteal muscle?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Gluteus Maximus
Originates at the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx, slopes at a 45 degree angle and inserts at the iliotibial tract and the gluteal trochanter of the femur
Main extensor of the thigh and aids with lateral rotation but only when force is required
Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
What shape is the Gluteus Medius?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Fan shaped
Originates at the gluteal surface of the ilium and inserts at the lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the deepest and smallest if the superficial gluteal muscles?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the ilium and inserts into the anterior surface if the greater trochanter
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve
When one leg is raised, what happens?
Contraction of gluteus medius in the opposite leg to prevent drop of the unsupported pelvis
What are the two characteristics of superior gluteal nerve lesioning?
Positive Trendlenberg test
Gluteal Gait
How do the deep muscles stabilise the hip joint?
‘Pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis
What is the most superior deep muscle?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Piriformis
Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum, ravels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
Nerve to piriformis
What muscle forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Obturator Internus
Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen, travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
Nerve to obturator internus
What are the two narrow and triangular muscles separated by the obturator internus tendon?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
The Gemelli – Superior and Inferior
The superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial spine, the inferior from the ischial tuberosity, both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
The superior gemellus muscle is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus, the inferior gemellus is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the most inferior deep gluteal muscle? What shape is it?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?
Quadratus Femoris Flat square shaped muscle It originates from the lateral side of the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest Lateral rotation Nerve to quadratus femoris
