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AnP I > MSK System > Flashcards

MSK System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Segments of the Upper Limb?

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Arm
  3. Forearm
  4. Hand
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2
Q

Which bones in the Upper Limb are not long bones?

A

Scapula and carpal bones

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3
Q

What is the function of the Clavicle?

A

Transmits part of the weight of UL to axial skeleton

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4
Q

What are the 2 ends of the Clavicle?

A
  1. Lateral/Acronial end (flattened)

2. Medial/Sternal end (enlarged)

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5
Q

On which surface is there a subclavian groove on the clavicle?

A

Inferior

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6
Q

Where is fracture common in the Clavicle?

A

Middle 1/3 of the shaft

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7
Q

What is visible on the Anterior surface of the Scapula?

A
  1. Subscapular Fossa
  2. Coracoid Process
  3. Glenoid Cavity
  4. Acromion
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8
Q

What is visible on the Posterior surface of the Scapula?

A
  1. Spine
  2. Infraspinous Fossa
  3. Supraspinous Fossa
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9
Q

What is visible on the Anterior surface of the Humerus?

A
  1. Greater Tubercle
  2. Lower Tubercle
  3. Inter-tubercular Groove
  4. Capitulum
  5. Radial Fossa
  6. Coronoid Fossa
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10
Q

What is visible on the Anterior surface of the Humerus?

A
  1. Radial Groove

2. Olecranon Fossa

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11
Q

Where does fracture often occur in the Humerus?

A

Surgical Neck

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12
Q

What is the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus for?

A

Flexors and Ulnar Nerve

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13
Q

What is the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus for?

A

Extensors and Anconeus

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14
Q

Which bone is located on the medial aspect of the forearm?

A

Ulna

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15
Q

Which bone is located on the lateral aspect of the forearm?

A

Radius

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16
Q

What are the main features of the Ulna?

A
  1. Olecranon
  2. Coronoid Process
  3. Trochlear Notch
  4. Radial Notch
  5. Tuberosity of Ulna
  6. Ulnar Styloid Process
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17
Q

What are the main features of the Radius?

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Radial Tuberosity
  4. Oblique Line
  5. Radial Styloid Process
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18
Q

What are the Carpal bones?

A

(1st Row: L to M)
Scaphoid, Lunate
(2nd Row: L to M)
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate, Triquetral, Pisiform (on top)

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19
Q

How are the Phalanges numbered?

A

L to M: 1 to 5

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20
Q

Where do the main nerves of the UL arise from?

A

Brachial Plexus

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21
Q

What are the main nerves of the UL?

A
  1. Axillary Nerve
  2. Radial Nerve
  3. Musculocutaneous Nerve
  4. Ulnar Nerve
  5. Median Nerve
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22
Q

What 3 Nerves form an M shape?

A

(L to M) Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar

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23
Q

How is the Brachial Plexus organised?

A

Roots > Trunks > Divisions > Cords > Terminal Branches (Peripheral Nerves)

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24
Q

What are the Anterior Nerves and what muscles do they supply?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous (Arm)
  2. Median (Forearm + Hand)
  3. Ulnar (Forearm + Hand)
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25
Q

What are the Posterior Nerves and what muscles do they supply?

A
  1. Axillary (Arm)

2. Radial (UL Post.)

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26
Q

What are Joints?

A

Unions between 2/+ bones or rigid parts of the skeleton

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27
Q

What are the types of Joints?

A
  1. Synovial Joints (Freely move, covered by capsule)
  2. Fibrous Joints (Less mobile, connected by fibrous tissue)
  3. Cartilaginous Joints (United by cartilages)
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28
Q

What are the 2 types of Cartilaginous Joints?

A
  1. Primary: x movement

2. Secondary: less movement

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29
Q

What are the Components of a Synovial Joint?

A
  1. Bones
  2. Articular Cartilage
  3. Synovial Cavity
  4. Synovial Fluid
  5. Synovial Membrane
  6. Capsule (collagen)
30
Q

What are Ligaments?

A

Supporting structures for synovial joints

31
Q

The absence of which component of the synovial joint increases the risk of arthritis?

A

Articular Cartilage

32
Q

What are the Joints of the UL?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular
  2. Acromioclavicular
  3. Glenohumeral
  4. Humeroulnar and Humeroradial
  5. Radiocarpal (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)
  6. Carpometarpal
  7. Metacarpophalangeal
  8. Interphalangeal (Distal and Proximal)
33
Q

How is the distribution of Blood Supply for the UL?

A
  1. Subclavian: Neck
  2. Axillary: Armpit
  3. Brachial: Arm
  4. Radial: Forearm
  5. Ulnar: Forearm
  6. Deep and superficial palmar Arches
34
Q

What are the Superficial Veins of the UL?

A
  1. Cephalic: Arm and forearm
  2. Basilic: Arm and forearm
  3. Median Cubital: Elbow
  4. Superficial Palmar Arch: Hand
  5. Digital: Phalanges
35
Q

What are the Deep Veins of the UL?

A
  1. Subclavian: Neck
  2. Axillary: Axilla
  3. Brachial: Arm-elbow
  4. Ulnar: Forearm
  5. Radial: Forearm
  6. Deep Palmar Venous Arch
36
Q

What are Lymphatics?

A

Lymph vessels that carry interstitial fluid called lymph

37
Q

What is the function of the Lymphatic System?

A
  1. Provides alternative route for lymph to return to the venous system
  2. Plays a role in defence mechanism
38
Q

What are the Bones of the LL?

A
  1. Hip
  2. Femur
  3. Patella
  4. Tibia
  5. Fibula
  6. Tarsal
  7. Metatarsal
  8. Phalanges
39
Q

What are the 3 segments of the Hip bone?

A
  1. Ischium
  2. Ilium
  3. Pubis
40
Q

What is the segment of the Hip Bone where the 3 segments meet?

A

Acetabulum

41
Q

What is visible in the Lateral View of the Hip bone?

A
  1. Ant, Post and Inf Gluteal Lines

2. Acetabulum

42
Q

What is visible in the Medial View of the Hip Bone?

A
  1. Iliac Tuberosity
  2. Arcuate Line
  3. Pectinate Line
  4. Iliac Fossa
43
Q

Where is the Adductor Tubercle of the Femur located?

A

Above Medial Epicondyle (ME) of Femur

44
Q

What is visible in the Anterior View of the Femur?

A
  1. Inter-trochanteric Line

2. Patellar Surface

45
Q

What is visible in the Posterior View of the Femur?

A
  1. Inter-trochanteric Crest
  2. Gluteal tuberosity
  3. Pectineal Line
  4. Linea Aspera
  5. Lateral and Medial Supracondylar Ridge
  6. Popliteal Surface
  7. Intercondylar Fossa
46
Q

Where is the Fovea Capitis located?

A

Head of Femur

47
Q

Which bone is located in the Medial Aspect of the Leg?

A

Tibia

48
Q

Which bone is located in the Lateral aspect of the leg?

A

Fibula

49
Q

What is visible in the Anterior View of the Tibia?

A
  1. Tibial Tuberosity
  2. Anterior Margin
  3. Medial Malleolus
50
Q

What is visible in the Posterior View of the Femur?

A
  1. Intercondylar Eminence
  2. Articular surfaces for Tibial Condyles
  3. Soleal Line
51
Q

What are the Main Features of the Fibula?

A
  1. Lateral Malleolus

2. Head

52
Q

What are the Tarsal bones?

A

(1st Row: L to M)
Calcaneus, Talus
(2nd Row: L to M)
Cuboid, Navicular, Lateral to Medial Cuneiforms

53
Q

Which Metatarsal does the Hallux have?

A

Metatarsal I

54
Q

What are the Joints of the LL?

A
  1. Hip Joint
  2. Knee Joint
  3. Ankle Joint
  4. Subtalar Joint
55
Q

How is the Distribution of Blood Supply for the LL?

A

Common Illiac -> Ext Iliac and Int Iliac
Int Iliac > Obturator while Ext Iliac > Femoral aft the Inguinal Ligament (supplies thigh muscles)
Femoral > Circumflex Femoral and Profunda Femoris
Femoral runs down Medial and Post side of thigh through Adductor Hiatus before becoming Popliteal at popliteal Fossa
Popliteal > Ant Tibial and Post Tibial
Post Tibial > Fibular while Ant Tibial > Dorsalis Pedis

56
Q

How is the Venous Drainage distributed in the LL?

A

Femoral > Profunda Femoris (drains muscle at Lat compt; deep)
Great Saphenous (M)
Femoral > Popliteal > Ant Tibial and Post Tibial
Post Tibial > Fibular (both plantar veins)
Ant Tibial > Small Saphenous (Post)
Small and Great Saphenous > Dorsal Venous Arch

57
Q

How is the Nerve Distribution for the LL?

A

Ant Hip: Femoral, Saphenous, Obturator
Post Hip: Sciatic, Pudendal (exits Greater Sciatic Foramen and enters Lesser Sciatic Foramen), Inf and Sup Gluteal Nerve
Knee: Tibial (Post Leg) and Common Fibular (Lateral with Biceps Femoris)
Ant Leg: Saphenous (M), Deep Fibular (A), Superficial Fibular (L)
Post Leg: Sural (Lat Malleolus), Tibial

58
Q

From where do the major nerves of the LL originate from?

A

Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses

59
Q

What is Flexion?

A

Bending or Decreasing the angle between bones and parts of body

60
Q

What is Extension?

A

Straightening or Increasing the angle between bones and parts of body (Natural State)

61
Q

What is Abduction?

A

Moving away from Median Plane

62
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Moving towards Median Plane

63
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

A circular movement involving sequential flexion, abduction, extension, adduction

64
Q

What is Medial (Internal) Rotation?

A

Turning a part of the body around its longitudinal axis bringing the Anterior surface of a limb closer to the Median Plane

65
Q

What is Lateral (External) Rotation?

A

Turning a part of the body around its longitudinal axis bringing the Anterior surface of a limb away from the Median Plane

66
Q

What is Pronation?

A

Rotation of the Radius Medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly and the dorsum faces anteriorly

67
Q

What is Supination?

A

Rotation of the Radius Laterally, uncrossing it from the Ulna

68
Q

What is Inversion?

A

Turning of Bottom of Foot towards Median Plane

69
Q

What is Eversion?

A

Turning of Bottom of Foot towards Median Plane

70
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

Movement of Anterior part of Foot towards Lower leg

71
Q

What is Plantarflexion?

A

Movement of Anterior part of Foot away from Lower leg

AnP I (9 decks)

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