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AnP I > Integumentary System II > Flashcards

Integumentary System II Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Dermis located?

A

Between the Epidermis and subcutaneous layer

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2
Q

What are the 2 components of the Dermis?

A
  1. Outer Papillary layer

2. Deep Reticular layer

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3
Q

What is the Function of the Dermis?

A

Anchors epidermal accessory structures

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4
Q

What does the Dermal Papillary layer consist of?

A

Areolar tissue, smaller capillaries, lymphatics & sensory neurons

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5
Q

What layer becomes inflamed in Dermatitis (Eczema)?

A

Dermal Papillary layer

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6
Q

Which is the more thicker component of the Dermis?

A

Reticular layer

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7
Q

What does the Dermal Reticular layer consist of?

A

Dens irregular connective tissue of all cells, collagen & elastic fibers (mainly)

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8
Q

What do Collagen fibers do?

A

Limit flexibility to prevent damage to tissue (provide resilience)

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9
Q

What do Elastic fibers do?

A

Provide flexibility

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10
Q

How is skin turgor provided?

A

By water and fibers

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11
Q

What causes the Loss of skin turgor?

A
  • Dehydration (reversible)
  • Aging
  • Hormones
  • Radiation
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12
Q

What may excessive distortion of the skin from pregnancy or weight gain cause?

A

Stretch marks

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13
Q

What are Tension Lines?

A

Cleavage lines that are produced by parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. They resist force applied to the skin.

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14
Q

What happens to a cut made parallel to a tension line?

A

Remains shut and heals well

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15
Q

What happens to a cut at a right angle to the tension line?

A

Pulls open and scars

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16
Q

What are the Dermal blood supplies?

A
  1. Cutaneous Plexus (deep artery network in the reticular layer)
  2. Subpapillary Plexus (a branch of 1 going up the dermis)
  3. Contusion (Bruise) - occurs in papillary layer
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17
Q

What do the Nerve Fibers in the skin do?

A
  • Control Blood Flow
  • Adjust Gland Secretion rate
  • Monitor Sensory receptors which respond to light tough and deep pressure from vibration
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18
Q

How is the Hypodermis connected to the Reticular layer?

A

By connective tissues

19
Q

What is the function of the Hypodermis?

A

Stabilises position of the skin

20
Q

What does the Hypodermis primarily consist of?

A

Adipose tissue, adipocytes that contain fat deposits, large arteries & veins (superficial layer)

21
Q

What determines the distribution of subcutaneous fat deposits?

A

Sex hormones

22
Q

What cosmetic procedure can reduce fatty deposits?

A

Liposuction

23
Q

What are the 2 pigments that influence skin colour?

A
  1. Melanin

2. Carotene

24
Q

What is Carotene?

A

Orange-yellow pigment

25
Q

Where does Carotene accumulate?

A

In epidermal cells and fatty tissues of the dermis

26
Q

What is the function of Carotene?

A

Can be converted to vitamin A that maintain epidermis and synthesize photo-receptor pigments in the eye

27
Q

What may excess carotene cause?

A

Yellowing of the skin and eyes

28
Q

What is Melanin?

A

Red-yellow or brown-black

pigment

29
Q

Where is Melanin stored?

A

In intracellular vesicles

melanosomes

30
Q

What is Melanin produced by?

A

Melanocytes

31
Q

What is the function of Melanocytes?

A

Protects skin from ultraviolet (UV)

radiation

32
Q

What does sun exposure cause?

A

Sun exposure causes more
melanin production to protect
from UV ray which causes
darkening of the skin (tanning)

33
Q

What does too much sun exposure cause?

A

Sun-burn

34
Q

How does Blood Flow & Oxygenation influence Skin colour?

A 
Hemoglobin = bright red when bound to oxygen
Hemoglobin = dark red when oxygen is released (blue-ish skin colour)
35
Q

What illnesses influence skin colour?

A
  1. Jaundice (Buildup of bile produced by liver)
  2. Pituitary Tumour (excess MSH)
  3. Addison’s Disease (excess ACTH)
  4. Vitiligo (Loss of melanocyte)
36
Q

How is Vit D (cholecalciferol) produced?

A

Epidermal cells produce vitamin D3
from UV rays (Sunlight activate steroid compound
known as 7-dehydrocholesterol)

37
Q

What is the function of Vit ?

A

Liver and kidneys convert vitamin D3 into calcitriol that

aid absorption of calcium and phosphorous

38
Q

What does insufficient Vit D cause?

A

Rickets

39
Q

What are Exocrine Glands?

A

Glands that produce and secrete substances onto an

epithelial surface by way of a duct

40
Q

What are the 2 exocrine glands in the skin?

A
  1. Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)

2. Sweat Glands

41
Q

What are Sebaceous Glands?

A

A holocrine gland (production of secretion include dead cells)
that discharges lipid secretion (sebum) into hair follicles
•

42
Q

What is the function of Sebum?

A

Lubricate and protect hair shields and inhibit growth of bacteria

43
Q

What types of sweat glands are there?

A
  1. Apocrine (only in hairy areas, secrete substance indirectly)
  2. Eccrine (more abundant, secrete substance directly)

AnP I (9 decks)

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