msk lower limb Flashcards
what holds together the tibia and fibula
sheet of fibrous material called the membrane
what type of joint is the proximal/superior tibiofibular joint
plane type of synovial joint
what type of joint is the distal/inferior tibiofibular joint
fibrous joint
what bone makes up the medial malleolus
tibia
what bone makes up the lateral malleolus
fibula
what is dorsiflexion
movement of ankle upwards
what is plantar flexion
movement of ankle downwards
what is eversion
movement of ankle so sole faces away from midline
what is inversion
movement of ankle so sole faces towards midline
name the four muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis Tertius
what are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
what are the two divisions of the popliteal artery as it enters the leg
posterior tibial artery
fibular artery
what muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
which fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment
superficial fibular, L4-S1
describe the lesser saphenous vein
ascends on the posterior aspect of the leg, and drains into the popliteal vein
describe the greater saphenous vein
ascends on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh and drains into the femoral vein
where is the dorsalis pedis palpated
between 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones
where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated
behind the medial malleolus
what kind of joint is the ankle joint
hinge type of synovial joint
name the articular surfaces of the ankle
the distal end of the tibia and fibula with the superior part of the talus bone
when is malleolar grip strongest
during dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint
which ligament of ankle joint is the weakest
anterior talofibular
during which h movements of the subtler joint are ankle sprains more common
eversion
name the muscles involved in dorsiflexion
anterior compartments of leg - tibias anterior, extensor hallucis Longus and extensor digitorum Longus
name the muscles involved in plantar flexion
posterior compartment of leg - gastrocnemius, soleus, planters, posterior tibialis
what is the relation of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein
it lies anterior to it
describe the popliteal artery
is the continuation of the femoral artery as it emerges from the adductor hiatus
which nerve innervates gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
what is the function of gastrocnemius and planters
plantar flexes ankle joint
flexor at knee
describe the achilles tendon
strong terminal attachment of gastrocnemius, passing down to insert onto the posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone
name the 4 muscles of the deep compartment
- popliteus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
how do the muscles in the deep compartment enter the foot
‘door to the foot’ posterior to the medial malleolus, covered by the flexor retinaculum
which nerve innervates all the posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
posterior tibial artery
describe the nerves of foot
the main motor nerves of the foot follow the arterial supply, with some of the sensory nerves following the venous supply
name the bones of the foot
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- cuboid
- cuniform
- metatarsal
what is the role of plantar fascia
Acts in a dual role by supporting the arches of the form and acting as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait.
describe plantar fasciitis
often felt as heel pain and is generally brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/or age.
treatment of this involved resting, strengthening exercises or invasive interventions such as steroid injection or as a last resort surgery
what movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
what movements occur at the subtalar joint
eversion and inversion
what type of joint is the talonavicular joint
synovial joint - ball and socket joint, which allows the foot to pivot from side to side
what type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint
synovial joint - helps this process allowing from some lateral sliding movement
describe the role of the arches of the foot
distribute body weight on to the main fat pads and the curvature acts as a shock absorber
what is the plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament
helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch and contributes to the subtalar joints
what is pes cavus
high arches
what is pes planus
flat feet
