msk lower limb

Question 1

what holds together the tibia and fibula

Answer 1

sheet of fibrous material called the membrane

Question 2

what type of joint is the proximal/superior tibiofibular joint

Answer 2

plane type of synovial joint

Question 3

what type of joint is the distal/inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 3

fibrous joint

Question 4

what bone makes up the medial malleolus

Answer 4

tibia

Question 5

what bone makes up the lateral malleolus

Answer 5

fibula

Question 6

what is dorsiflexion

Answer 6

movement of ankle upwards

Question 7

what is plantar flexion

Answer 7

movement of ankle downwards

Question 8

what is eversion

Answer 8

movement of ankle so sole faces away from midline

Question 9

what is inversion

Answer 9

movement of ankle so sole faces towards midline

Question 10

name the four muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 10

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis Tertius

Question 11

what are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve

Answer 11

tibial nerve

common fibular nerve

Question 12

what are the two divisions of the popliteal artery as it enters the leg

Answer 12

posterior tibial artery

fibular artery

Question 13

what muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 13

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Question 14

which fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment

Answer 14

superficial fibular, L4-S1

Question 15

describe the lesser saphenous vein

Answer 15

ascends on the posterior aspect of the leg, and drains into the popliteal vein

Question 16

describe the greater saphenous vein

Answer 16

ascends on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh and drains into the femoral vein

Question 17

where is the dorsalis pedis palpated

Answer 17

between 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones

Question 18

where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated

Answer 18

behind the medial malleolus

Question 19

what kind of joint is the ankle joint

Answer 19

hinge type of synovial joint

Question 20

name the articular surfaces of the ankle

Answer 20

the distal end of the tibia and fibula with the superior part of the talus bone

Question 21

when is malleolar grip strongest

Answer 21

during dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint

Question 22

which ligament of ankle joint is the weakest

Answer 22

anterior talofibular

Question 23

during which h movements of the subtler joint are ankle sprains more common

Answer 23

eversion

Question 24

name the muscles involved in dorsiflexion

Answer 24

anterior compartments of leg - tibias anterior, extensor hallucis Longus and extensor digitorum Longus

Question 25

name the muscles involved in plantar flexion

Answer 25

posterior compartment of leg - gastrocnemius, soleus, planters, posterior tibialis

Question 26

what is the relation of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein

Answer 26

it lies anterior to it

Question 27

describe the popliteal artery

Answer 27

is the continuation of the femoral artery as it emerges from the adductor hiatus

Question 28

which nerve innervates gastrocnemius

Answer 28

tibial nerve

Question 29

what is the function of gastrocnemius and planters

Answer 29

plantar flexes ankle joint

flexor at knee

Question 30

describe the achilles tendon

Answer 30

strong terminal attachment of gastrocnemius, passing down to insert onto the posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone

Question 31

name the 4 muscles of the deep compartment

Answer 31

1. popliteus
2. tibialis posterior
3. flexor digitorum longus
4. flexor hallucis longus

Question 32

how do the muscles in the deep compartment enter the foot

Answer 32

‘door to the foot’ posterior to the medial malleolus, covered by the flexor retinaculum

Question 33

which nerve innervates all the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 33

tibial nerve

Question 34

which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 34

posterior tibial artery

Question 35

describe the nerves of foot

Answer 35

the main motor nerves of the foot follow the arterial supply, with some of the sensory nerves following the venous supply

Question 36

name the bones of the foot

Answer 36

1. talus
2. calcaneus
3. navicular
4. cuboid
5. cuniform
6. metatarsal

Question 37

what is the role of plantar fascia

Answer 37

Acts in a dual role by supporting the arches of the form and acting as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait.

Question 38

describe plantar fasciitis

Answer 38

often felt as heel pain and is generally brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/or age.
treatment of this involved resting, strengthening exercises or invasive interventions such as steroid injection or as a last resort surgery

Question 39

what movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle

Answer 39

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 40

what movements occur at the subtalar joint

Answer 40

eversion and inversion

Question 41

what type of joint is the talonavicular joint

Answer 41

synovial joint - ball and socket joint, which allows the foot to pivot from side to side

Question 42

what type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint

Answer 42

synovial joint - helps this process allowing from some lateral sliding movement

Question 43

describe the role of the arches of the foot

Answer 43

distribute body weight on to the main fat pads and the curvature acts as a shock absorber

Question 44

what is the plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament

Answer 44

helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch and contributes to the subtalar joints

Question 45

what is pes cavus

Answer 45

high arches

Question 46

what is pes planus

Answer 46

flat feet