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anatomy > Head and neck > Flashcards

Head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 parts of the skull

A
  1. the neurocranium
  2. the viscerocranium
  3. the mandible
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2
Q

state the bones of the skull

A 
parietal
occipital
temporal
frontal
zygomatic 
maxilla
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3
Q

what type of joints are sutures

A

fibrous joints

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4
Q

between which bones does the saggital suture lie

A

parietal and temporal

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5
Q

between which bones does the coronal suture lie

A

parietal and frontal

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6
Q

between which bones does the lamboid suture lie

A

parietal and occipital

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7
Q

state the bones of the nose

A

nasal
lacrimal
ethmoid

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8
Q

state the bony prominences of the skull

A 
occipital protuberance 
mastioid protuberance
zygomatic arch
styloid process
occipital condyles
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9
Q

what important structure lies within the pituitary fossa

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

what foramen is found in the posterior cranial fossa

A

foramen magnum

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11
Q

state the air sinuses found In the skull

A

frontal sinus
sphenoid sinus
ethmoid air cells
maxillary sinus

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12
Q

name the 5 layers of the scalp

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue(deep)
  • aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal muscle (epicranial aponeurosis)
  • loose areolar tissue (connective)
  • pericranium (periosteum)
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13
Q

state the nerve supply to the anterior part of the scalp

A

trigeminal nerve - ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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14
Q

state the nerve supply to the posterior part of the scalp

A

cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3

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15
Q

lacerating wounds of the scalp causes

A

profuse bleeding due to sites of anastomoses, fibrous fascia prevents vasoconstriction

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16
Q

describe emissary veins

A

valveless veins

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17
Q

state the muscles of facial expression

A
  • orbicular oculi (palpebral part)
  • occipitofrontalis
  • orbicularis oculi
  • frontalis
  • buccinator
  • platysma
  • orbicularis oris
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18
Q

from which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from

A

stylomastoid foramen

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19
Q

name the 5 branches of the facial nerve

A
  • cervical
  • marginal mandibular
  • buccal
  • zygomatic
  • temporal
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20
Q

name the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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21
Q

where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

A

upper 2nd molar

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22
Q

what are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

V1- ophthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular

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23
Q

state the 4 compartments of the neck

A
  • vertebral compartment
  • vascular compartment
  • visceral compartment
  • musculofascial collar
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24
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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25
Q

what kind of joint is present between occipital condyles and atlas (c1)

A

ellipsoid synovial joint

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26
Q

name the muscles of the neck

A 
stylohyoid 
mandible 
digastric 
hyoid
omohyoid
sternocleomastoid 
trapezius
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27
Q

what are the two terminal branches of ECA

A

maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

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28
Q

in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run

A

superficial

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29
Q

name the parts of the hyoid bone

A

greater horn
lesser horn
body

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30
Q

name the suprahyoid muscles

A
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • digastric
  • stylohyoid
31
Q

name the infra hyoid muscles

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
  • omohyoid
32
Q

what is the vertebral root values of the cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

33
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis

A

a loop of nerves, formed by nerve roots C1-C3

34
Q

what are the root values of the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

35
Q

name the 3 portions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynxpharynx

36
Q

what two bones form the nasal septum

A
  1. vomer

2. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

37
Q

name the parts od the ethmoid bone

A
  • the cribriform plate
  • the crista Galli
  • the central plate
  • superior and middle conchae
  • ethmoid air cells
38
Q

which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell

A

olfactory nerve

39
Q

what is the name given to the space above the superior concha

A

spheno-ethmoidal recess

40
Q

what are paranasal air sinuses

A

air-filled extensions of nasal cavity

41
Q

what are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses

A
  1. lighten the weight of the head

2. supporting immune defence of nasal cavity

42
Q

what are adenoids

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue between the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

43
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. medial ptrerygoid
  4. lateral pterygoid
44
Q

state the innervation of the muscles of mastication

A

branches of the mandibular divisor of the trigeminal nerve

45
Q

describe the vestibule

A

the vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space between the lips/cheek and gums/teeth

46
Q

which two bones form the hard palate

A
  1. palatine process of maxilla

2. horizontal plates of palatine bone

47
Q

name the muscles in the soft palate

A
  1. tensor veli palatini
  2. levator veli palatini
  3. palatoglossus
  4. palatopharyngeus
  5. musculus uvulae
48
Q

state the name of the v shaped sulcus on the tongue

A

terminal sulcus

49
Q

state the 3 types of papillae

A
  1. filiform
  2. folliate
  3. vallate
50
Q

name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

frenulum

51
Q

which muscle attaching to the tongue is NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

A

palatoglossus - by vagus nerve

52
Q

what cartilage forms Adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

53
Q

name the structures of the laryngeal inlet

A
  1. free curved edge of epiglottis
  2. corniculate cartilages
  3. arytenoid cartilage
  4. interartyenoid fold
  5. aryepiglottic fold
54
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

55
Q

name the 3 layers of the pharynx

A
  • outer muscular layer
  • middle fibrous layer
  • inner mucous membrane
56
Q

describe the role of pharyngeal lymphoid ring

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx - 1st line defence

57
Q

name the lymphoid collections present in waldeyers ring

A
  1. 2x tubal tonsils
  2. 2x palatine tonsils
  3. pharyngeal tonsils
  4. lingual tonsils
58
Q

What passes through the optic foramen

A
  1. Optic nerve

2. OpthalamIc artery

59
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

1 oculomotor

  1. Cranial nerve IV
  2. Lacrimal, frontal
  3. Ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V
  4. Ophtlamic veins
  5. Nasociliary and abducens
60
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

Maxillary division of cranial nerve V

61
Q

What is found in the outer fibrous layer

A
  1. Sclera

2. Cornea

62
Q

What is found in the middle vascular layer

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris
63
Q

What is found in the inner sensory layer

A
  1. Retina
64
Q

What is the function of the usurp dory ligament of the eye

A

Connects the ciliary body of the eye with the lens, holding it in place

65
Q

Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplied the orbit abs the eye

A

OpthalamIic artery

66
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the body labryrinth

A

Perilymph

67
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth

A

Endolymph

68
Q

Describe extra rural haemorrhage

A

Biconvex lens-shaped

69
Q

In which cranial bone is the sella turcica found

A

Sphenoid bone

70
Q

What type of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue

A

Skeletal

71
Q

State the secretion of the parotid gland

A

Serous

72
Q

State the secretion of the sublingual gland

A

Mucous

73
Q

State the secretion of the submandibular gland

A

Mixed serous and mucous

74
Q

What is the function of this cell

A

Contractile functions helps in expelling secretions from lumen of secretory units and facilitate movement of saliva and salivary ducts

anatomy (12 decks)

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