MSK Injuries

Question 1

What are the criteria a burn is measured on mild-moderate-critical (5)

Answer 1

1. depth of the burn (degree of burn)
2. Area that is burned (how much)
3. location of burn
4. accompanying complications of the burns
5. age of the pt

Question 2

What are the features of a 1st degree burn

Answer 2

Characterized by reddened skin (sunburn)
Doesn’t go past epidermis
typically no blisters

Question 3

tx of 1st degree burn

Answer 3

keep moist (aloe) and cool 
should heal in 3-5 days

Question 4

Second degree burns features

Answer 4

• deeper burns (epidermis to dermis)
• blisters are often formed
• blisters will reabsorb 5-7 days if intact

Question 5

2nd degree burns tx

Answer 5

if blister pops, high risk of inf/fluid loss

Tx- aloe creas, antibiotic creams if bluster pops

Question 6

What is a third degree burn `

Answer 6

Full thickness burns (past epidermis + dermis into the fat and hair follicles/bone)

• charring of the skin and it appears black + burnt
• Are not painful due to nerve endings being damaged`

Question 7

What is the rule of 9s with burned

Answer 7

head and each arm = 9 each

torso and each leg= 18 each

Question 8

What is the palm size estimate for burns

Answer 8

Area of casualties palm equals 1% of the body surfce

Question 9

What locations of burns pose extra risk

Answer 9

face (pot respiratory and eye damage)
Hands/feet
genital/groin (gu function/inf)
circumferential burns

Question 10

Aspects that you should keep in mind with electrical burns

Answer 10

• shock can violently throw body (head/spinal injuries)
• Look for entrance and exit wound
• can impact bodies electrical system

Question 11

First aid for chemical burns

Answer 11

check scene
call 911

Care: ABCs
Secondary survey:
-protective equiptment
-flush affected areas for 15 mins
-remove any contaminated clothing
*get MSDS chart*

Question 12

Electrical burns first aid

Answer 12

Check scene
call mms

Care: ABCs
secondary survey
- tx as if they have spine/head injury
-look for two burn points
* get AED incase*

Question 13

Partial thickness burns First Aid

Answer 13

check scene
call ems if more than 10% of body is covered in burn, great pain or unconscious

Care: ABCs
Secondary survey: 
-Call if >10% of body
-if <10% cool burn
-Only remove clothing that is NOT stuck to skin
-after cooling skin cover it loosely

Question 14

Full thickness burn first aid

Answer 14

Check scene
Call 911
Care: ABCS
Secondary:
-if >10% call and tx for shock
-if <10% cool burn w water
-Only remove clothing not stuck to skin
-do not clean full thickness burn

Question 15

3 grades of contusions

Answer 15

Mild (1st)- Minimal pain and swelling, no appreciable defect, minimal loss of function

Moderate (2)- Increased pain, moderate swelling + bruising, no appreciable defect and some loss of function)

Severe (3rd)- sig pain, extensive swelling + bruising, severe loss of function

Question 16

Two major types of contution + what are they characterized by + prognosis

Answer 16

Intermuscular

• Occurs near the large inter muscular septa or bw mm fascial sheaths
• Rapid disposal of blood

Intramuscular

• More severe/longer prog.
• Hemorrhage tends to be more confined (within sheath)
• Mass often palpable, inflammatory response greater
• risk of developing compartment syndromee

Question 17

Overall first aid for bone, mm or jt injuries

Answer 17

Check scene
Call EMS is problem w ABC etc

Care:

• ABCS
• Secondary survey:
• tx non life threatening injiues
• if open fx, stop bleeding firs
• splint if nessosary

Question 18

4 general types of splints

Answer 18

Soft
Rigid
Anatomic- the use of body to splint
Traction- A special type used for thighs in ER

Question 19

How to splint generally

Answer 19

• cover any open wounds
• check for circulation/sensation distal to injury before and after splinting
• in case of angulated fx, gently try to straighten limb
• elevate splinted part
• Recheck ABCs/vital signs
• for jt injuries make sure to immbolaize the bone above and below