MSK Injuries Flashcards
What are the criteria a burn is measured on mild-moderate-critical (5)
- depth of the burn (degree of burn)
- Area that is burned (how much)
- location of burn
- accompanying complications of the burns
- age of the pt
What are the features of a 1st degree burn
Characterized by reddened skin (sunburn)
Doesn’t go past epidermis
typically no blisters
tx of 1st degree burn
keep moist (aloe) and cool should heal in 3-5 days
Second degree burns features
- deeper burns (epidermis to dermis)
- blisters are often formed
- blisters will reabsorb 5-7 days if intact
2nd degree burns tx
if blister pops, high risk of inf/fluid loss
Tx- aloe creas, antibiotic creams if bluster pops
What is a third degree burn `
Full thickness burns (past epidermis + dermis into the fat and hair follicles/bone)
- charring of the skin and it appears black + burnt
- Are not painful due to nerve endings being damaged`
What is the rule of 9s with burned
head and each arm = 9 each
torso and each leg= 18 each
What is the palm size estimate for burns
Area of casualties palm equals 1% of the body surfce
What locations of burns pose extra risk
face (pot respiratory and eye damage)
Hands/feet
genital/groin (gu function/inf)
circumferential burns
Aspects that you should keep in mind with electrical burns
- shock can violently throw body (head/spinal injuries)
- Look for entrance and exit wound
- can impact bodies electrical system
First aid for chemical burns
check scene
call 911
Care: ABCs Secondary survey: -protective equiptment -flush affected areas for 15 mins -remove any contaminated clothing *get MSDS chart*
Electrical burns first aid
Check scene
call mms
Care: ABCs secondary survey - tx as if they have spine/head injury -look for two burn points * get AED incase*
Partial thickness burns First Aid
check scene
call ems if more than 10% of body is covered in burn, great pain or unconscious
Care: ABCs Secondary survey: -Call if >10% of body -if <10% cool burn -Only remove clothing that is NOT stuck to skin -after cooling skin cover it loosely
Full thickness burn first aid
Check scene Call 911 Care: ABCS Secondary: -if >10% call and tx for shock -if <10% cool burn w water -Only remove clothing not stuck to skin -do not clean full thickness burn
3 grades of contusions
Mild (1st)- Minimal pain and swelling, no appreciable defect, minimal loss of function
Moderate (2)- Increased pain, moderate swelling + bruising, no appreciable defect and some loss of function)
Severe (3rd)- sig pain, extensive swelling + bruising, severe loss of function
Two major types of contution + what are they characterized by + prognosis
Intermuscular
- Occurs near the large inter muscular septa or bw mm fascial sheaths
- Rapid disposal of blood
Intramuscular
- More severe/longer prog.
- Hemorrhage tends to be more confined (within sheath)
- Mass often palpable, inflammatory response greater
- risk of developing compartment syndromee
Overall first aid for bone, mm or jt injuries
Check scene
Call EMS is problem w ABC etc
Care:
- ABCS
- Secondary survey:
- tx non life threatening injiues
- if open fx, stop bleeding firs
- splint if nessosary
4 general types of splints
Soft
Rigid
Anatomic- the use of body to splint
Traction- A special type used for thighs in ER
How to splint generally
- cover any open wounds
- check for circulation/sensation distal to injury before and after splinting
- in case of angulated fx, gently try to straighten limb
- elevate splinted part
- Recheck ABCs/vital signs
- for jt injuries make sure to immbolaize the bone above and below