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CD3407- Mod 11 > Head Injuries > Flashcards

Head Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

General types of head injuries (3)

A
  1. Scalp
  2. skull injries
  3. brain injuries
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2
Q

Skull fx s/s

A
  • pain,swellung or tenderness at the injury site
  • deformities
  • CSF leadkage
  • Battles signs (basal fx), Racoon eyes (frontal skull fx)
  • bleeding from nose/ears
  • unequal dilation of pupils
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3
Q

What is a brain contusion

A
  • wrose than a concussion
  • bruising or swelling of the brain
  • doesnt have to bleed, can just be accumulation of fluid in head
  • usually an acceleration/deceleration injury
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4
Q

s/s of brain contusions

A
  • decreased mental status/unresponsiveness
  • paralysis/motor dysfunction
  • unequal pupuls
  • vomiting
  • alteration of vital signs
  • profound personality changes
  • impaired coordination
  • amnesia
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5
Q

What is an epidural hematoma / what is it an injury to

A

usually caused by a frontal/temporal bone fx (middle menigieal artery)

-bleeding from MMA between skull and dura mater

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6
Q

S/s of epidural hematoma

A

Gradual onset of symptoms

  • Loss of responsiveness, followed by reponsiveness
  • decreasing mental status
  • several headaches
  • pupil fixed and dilated on side of impact
  • seizures
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7
Q

What is a subdural hematoma / what is injured

A

Blood vessels on the surface of brain are torn, causing bleeding between brain and dura mater
-more bleeding than epudural

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8
Q

what age is a subdural hematoma high risk for

A

<2 and >65

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9
Q

s/s of subdural hematomsa

A
  • deterioration in lvl of repponse
  • vomitting
  • dialation of one pupil
  • abnormal respiration
  • possible increasing systolic BP
  • decreasing Pulse
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10
Q

management for brain injuries

A

Check
Call EMS
Care: ABCs
Secondary: tx non life treating injures, full neuro, observe head, eyes, ears

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11
Q

What are the canadian CT head rules

A

indication for cranial CT

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12
Q

High risk for ct of cranium (5)

A
  1. GCS score <15 at 2 hrs post
  2. Suspected open/depressed skull fx
  3. Any sign of basal skull fx
  4. Vommiting > 2 epi
  5. > 65
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13
Q

What is prolonged recovery for concussion in adults/children

A

> 10 days adults

>4w kids

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14
Q

do u have to lose consciousness to have concussion

A

no, most occurs without LOC (90%)

-prolonged (>1min) LOC would be considered as a factor that may modify management

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15
Q

What is rowans law

A

Immediate removal of play for any athlete that is suspected of having sustained a concussion
-mandatory concussion education for athletes, parents/gaurdiants, coaches and educators in contact sport

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16
Q

Acute injury management of concussion

A
  • no return to game

- should be left along and reg monitoring for deterioration for 2-3hrs after

17
Q

return to sport steps concussion (6)

A
  1. symptom limiting activity
  2. light aerobic activity
  3. sport specific exercise
  4. non contact training drills
  5. contract practice
  6. return
18
Q

First aid for spinal injuries

A

check: the scene, tell person not to move
Call: EMS
Care: In line stabalizeation (minimize head and neck mvmt), ABCs, maintain open airway, vital signs

19
Q

Initial physical exam in pot spine injury

A
  • palpate entire spine
  • neuro exam
  • baseline vitals
  • spinal percussion
  • open and maintain airway during this**
20
Q

What is neurogenic shock + loc

A

Damage usually above T6

-Low HR + BP-> indicative of loss of sympathetic tone

21
Q

What is spinal shock and lvl

A

Trauma at any level

Falccidity and loss of reflexes

22
Q

How to perform in line stability

A

place both hands on side of head and in line w body (anatomical position) and support
-do not remove helmet if wearing it

23
Q

What are situations where you wouldn’t move the causaltuies head in line w body

A
  • severly angled to one side
  • if they are in severly abnormal pos but their ABCs are maintained, keep them there
  • if they complain of pain, pressure, mm spasms in the neck when you align
  • if you feel resistance
24
Q

When should you move a casualty in a spinal injury

A
  • if the airway is blocked
  • if the scene is dangerous
  • if there is no organized EMS response in the region

How= log roll

25
Q

How to log roll

A

The first person holds head and the log rollers slowly roll hum

26
Q

when should you leave helmet on

A

the helmet fits well and little movement
No impending airway/breathing probs
alone and unable to do it
can properly immobilize w helmet on

27
Q

Remove helmet id

A
  • interfere w ability to assess and care for ABCs
  • Helmet doesn’t fit and there is excessive mvmt
  • pt is in cardiac arrest
  • cant properly immobalize

CD3407- Mod 11 (8 decks)

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