MSK - Hand And Wrist Conditions Flashcards
Give some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist
- pain
- swelling
- reduced range of motion/stiffness
- weakness in the joint
What is osteoarthritis of 1st CMC joint?
A degenerative joint disease where the cushioning cartilage of the joint surfaces wears away, resulting in damage of the joint
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the first CMC joint?
- pain at base of the thumb
- loss of strength in thumb
- crepitus heard when joint moves
- area near base of thumb swollen and inflamed
What are Heberden’s nodes?
Hard/bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints due to formation of osteophytes (bone spurs) in the articular joint cartilage as a result of repeated trauma at the joint. Symptom of osteoarthritis.
What can cause a scaphoid fracture?
- usually after FOOSH
- direct blow to palm of hand
- repeated stress on scaphoid bone eg in gymnasts
Most commonly fractured carpal bone
What is non-union of a scaphoid fracture?
Occurs when the scaphoid bone has not healed completely/at all after four months of being treated in a cast. Surgery may be used to encourage union.
What is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
Condition where tendons around the base of the thumb are irritated or constricted. This causes pain and tenderness along the thumb side of wrist.
What are the symptoms of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
- pain on the thumb side of the wrist
- tenderness around area of thumb
- swelling at site of pain
- clicking/snapping of tendons
What is Dupuytrens contracture?
Flexion contracture of the hand due to a palmar fibromatosis, where fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be straightened fully.
What are the symptoms of Dupuytrens contracture?
- fingers curl towards the palm
- loss of grip strength
- thickening/nodules in palm, usually painless
What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
Dysregulation of the autonomic and central nervous system resulting in multiple loss of function, , extreme pain, impairment and disability of areas of the body.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Tingling sensation, numbness and pain in hand and fingers caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel.
What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
- pain, tingling or numbness
- dull ache and discomfort in hand/forearm
- burning, prickling sensation in hand
- loss of sensitivity to touch
- skin changes
- atrophy of muscles at base of thumb
Symptoms usually occur in thumb, index finger, middle finger and half of the ring finger.
What is a ‘boxer’s fracture’?
Fracture of one of the metacarpal bones of the hand, which usually occurs transversely across the neck of the bone after the patient strikes an object with a closed fist.
What is Guyon’s canal syndrome?
Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the Guyon’s canal tunnel in the wrist.
