Infection - Travel Related Infections Flashcards
What is malaria caused by?
5 species of plasmodium parasitic protozoa, carried by a female anopheles mosquito
Can malaria spread from case-to-case directly?
Nah
What is the incubation period of malaria?
It varies by species, but minimum 6 days
Give some symptoms of malaria
High temperature, sweats and cyclic chills, headaches, vomiting, muscle pains and diarrhoea
What test is used for malaria?
Blood smear x 3, FBC, U and E’s, LFTs, CXR
How can malaria be prevented?
- assess risk (knowledge of risk areas)
- bite prevention (repellant, adequate clothing)
- chemoprophylaxis
What is typhoid’s mechanism of infection?
Faecal-oral from contaminated food/water
What causes typhoid?
Salmonella enterica, a gram negative bacterium
What are the virulence factors of salmonella typhi?
- gram negative endotoxin
- invasin
- fimbriae adhere to epithelium over ileal lymphoid tissue
What investigations are used for typhoid?
Blood/faeces culture, LFTs
How is typhoid treated?
Ceftriaxone or azithromycin
How can typhoid be prevented?
Food and water hygiene precautions, typhoid vaccine
What are the symptoms of ebola?
Vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches, confusion, rash, then internal/external bleeding
How is ebola spread?
Direct contact with bodily fluids
