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Disease Profiles > MSK - Fractures > Flashcards

MSK - Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Management - Non-Displaced Acetabulum Fracture

A

Protected weight bearing for 6-8 weeks

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2
Q

Management - Displaced Acetabulum Fracture

A

ORIF or total hip arthroplasty, depending on patient factors

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3
Q

Causes - Ankle Fracture

A

Twisting forces applied to the ankle

Usually traumatic

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4
Q

Presentation - Ankle Fracture

A

Difficulty weight bearing
Painful, bruised + swollen ankle
Tender to palpation

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5
Q

Diagnosis - Ankle Fracture

A

X-ray

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6
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rules

A

X-ray if there is pain in the malleolar zone and any one of:
- Tenderness at the lateral malleolus
- Tenderness at the medial malleolus
- Inability to weight bear

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7
Q

Management - Ankle Fracture

A

Conservative = moon boot
Surgical = ORIF

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8
Q

Classification - Ankle Fracture

A

Weber classification:
- A = distal tip of fibula
- B = syndesmosis
- C = proximal fibula

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9
Q

Definition - Barton’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radoiocarpal joint

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10
Q

Cause - Barton’s Fracture

A

Fall on an extended, pronated wrist

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11
Q

Diagnosis - Barton’s Fracture

A

X-ray

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12
Q

Management - Barton’s Fracture

A

ORIF

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13
Q

Types - Barton’s Fracture

A

Dorsal
Palmar

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14
Q

Definition - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Fracture at the base of the first metacarpal (thumb) that extends into the CMC joint

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15
Q

Cause - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Direct blow to a bent thumb

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16
Q

Diagnosis + Findings - Bennett’s Fracture

A

X-ray = triangular fragment at the base of the metacarpal

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17
Q

Management - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Conservative = closed reduction + casting
Surgical = pin fixation or ORIF if severe

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18
Q

Definition - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the fifth metacarpal

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19
Q

Cause - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Hitting an object with a closed fist

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20
Q

Management - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Conservative = splinting + physiotherapy
Surgery in some cases

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21
Q

Indications for Surgery - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Severe break
Hands needed for minute motor skills e.g. professional pianist

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22
Q

Definition - Buckle Fracture

A

When one side of the bone bends but does not break fully

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23
Q

Causes - Buckle Fracture

A

Compression from trauma e.g. FOOSH

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24
Q

Patient Group - Buckle Fracture

A

Children

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25
Q

Management - Buckle Fracture

A

Splint until swelling reduces
Casting for 3-6 weeks
Surgery in few cases

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26
Q

Causes - Calcaneal Fracture

A

Fall from height
RTA

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27
Q

Risk Factors - Calcaneal Fracture

A

Osteoporosis
Diabetes

28
Q

Management - Calcaneal Fracture

A

Conservative = casting
Surgical fixation in some cases

29
Q

Complications - Calcaneal Fracture

A

Compartment syndrome
Achilles tendon injury

30
Q

Definition - Colle’s Fracture

A

Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of fragments (bent backwards)

31
Q

Cause - Colle’s Fracture

A

Trauma - FOOSH

32
Q

Presentation - Colle’s Fracture

A

Dinner fork deformity
Bruising, pain + swelling

33
Q

Management - Colle’s Fracture

A

Casting or surgery

34
Q

Complication - Colle’s Fracture

A

Damage to the median nerve

35
Q

Causes - Femoral Shaft Fracture

A

High energy injuries in major trauma

36
Q

Initial Management - Femoral Shaft Fracture

A

Thomas’s splint or long leg cast

37
Q

Definitive Management - Femoral Shaft Fracture

A

Surgery = IM nail or plate fixation

38
Q

Complications - Femoral Shaft Fracture

A

Fat embolus
Union problems
Blood loss

39
Q

Complications - Femoral Shaft Fracture

A

Fat embolus
Union problems
Blood loss

40
Q

Definition - Galeazzi Fracture

A

Distal radial shaft fracture with distal RUJ dislocation

41
Q

Causes - Galeazzi Fracture

A

Direct trauma
FOOSH with forearm in pronation

42
Q

Diagnosis + Findings - Galeazzi Fracture

A

X-ray = radial fracture and prominent ulnar head due to dislocation

43
Q

Diagnosis + Findings - Galeazzi Fracture

A

X-ray = radial fracture and prominent ulnar head due to dislocation

44
Q

Management - Galeazzi Fracture

A

ORIF of the radius and stabilisation of the RUJ

45
Q

Definition - Greenstick Fracture

A

Fracture in soft bone where the bone bends and breaks unilaterally

46
Q

Causes - Greenstick Fracture

A

Bending forces - NAI or trauma

47
Q

Patient Group - Greenstick Fracture

A

Chlildren

48
Q

Management - Greenstick Fracture

A

Splinting or casting

49
Q

Presentation - Hip Fracture

A

Bruising + swelling
External rotation + shortening of affected leg
Pain
Unable to weight bear

50
Q

Diagnosis - Hip Fracture

A

X-rays = pelvis and lateral hip

51
Q

Management - Hip Fracture = Extracapsular

A

Intertrochanteric = DHS
Subtrochanteric = IM Nail

52
Q

Management - Hip Fracture = Intracapsular

A

Displaced + high functioning patient = THR
Undisplaced + high functioning patient = compression hip screw
Low functioning patient = hemi-arthroplasty

53
Q

Types - Hip Fracture

A

Intracapsular (displaced or undisplaced)
Extracapsular

54
Q

Classification - Hip Fracture (Intracapsular)

A

Garden system:
1. Incomplete stable fracture
2. Complete non displaced
3. Complete and partially displaced
4. Complete and completely displaced

55
Q

Types - Extracapsular Hip Fracture

A

Basicervical
Intertrochanteric
Subtrochanteric

56
Q

Definition - Humeral Shaft Fracture

A

Fracture of the diaphysis of the humerus

57
Q

Management - Humeral Shaft Fracture

A

Conservative = humeral brace or U slab cast
Operative = IM nail or ORIF

58
Q

Complications - Humeral Shaft Fracture

A

Radial nerve injury
Union problems

59
Q

Definition - LisFranc fracture

A

Tarsometatarsal fracture dislocation

60
Q

Presentation - LisFranc fracture

A

Unable to weight bear
Pain swelling and tenderness over the mid foot

61
Q

Management - LisFranc fracture

A

Surgical fixation in the vast majority

62
Q

Complications - LisFranc fracture

A

Osteoarthritis
Union problems
Permanent deformity

63
Q

Definition - Maisonneuve Fracture

A

Spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula, associated with a tear in the interosseous membrane

64
Q

Management - Maisonneuve Fracture

A

ORIF

65
Q

Complications - Maisonneuve Fracture

A

Post-traumatic arthritis
Peroneal nerve palsy

66
Q

Management - Metatarsal Fracture

A

Prolonged rest for 6-12 weeks
Moonboot
May require ORIF

67
Q

Most Common Site - Metatarsal Fracture (STRESS)

A

Second metatarsal shaft

Disease Profiles (15 decks)

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