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MSK - Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Management - Non-Displaced Acetabulum Fracture

A

Protected weight bearing for 6-8 weeks

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2
Q

Management - Displaced Acetabulum Fracture

A

ORIF or total hip arthroplasty, depending on patient factors

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3
Q

Causes - Ankle Fracture

A

Twisting forces applied to the ankle

Usually traumatic

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4
Q

Presentation - Ankle Fracture

A

Difficulty weight bearing
Painful, bruised + swollen ankle
Tender to palpation

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5
Q

Diagnosis - Ankle Fracture

A

X-ray

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6
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rules

A

X-ray if there is pain in the malleolar zone and any one of:
- Tenderness at the lateral malleolus
- Tenderness at the medial malleolus
- Inability to weight bear

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7
Q

Management - Ankle Fracture

A

Conservative = moon boot
Surgical = ORIF

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8
Q

Classification - Ankle Fracture

A

Weber classification:
- A = distal tip of fibula
- B = syndesmosis
- C = proximal fibula

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9
Q

Definition - Barton’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radoiocarpal joint

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10
Q

Cause - Barton’s Fracture

A

Fall on an extended, pronated wrist

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11
Q

Diagnosis - Barton’s Fracture

A

X-ray

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12
Q

Management - Barton’s Fracture

A

ORIF

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13
Q

Types - Barton’s Fracture

A

Dorsal
Palmar

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14
Q

Definition - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Fracture at the base of the first metacarpal (thumb) that extends into the CMC joint

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15
Q

Cause - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Direct blow to a bent thumb

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16
Q

Diagnosis + Findings - Bennett’s Fracture

A

X-ray = triangular fragment at the base of the metacarpal

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17
Q

Management - Bennett’s Fracture

A

Conservative = closed reduction + casting
Surgical = pin fixation or ORIF if severe

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18
Q

Definition - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the fifth metacarpal

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19
Q

Cause - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Hitting an object with a closed fist

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20
Q

Management - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Conservative = splinting + physiotherapy
Surgery in some cases

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21
Q

Indications for Surgery - Boxer’s Fracture

A

Severe break
Hands needed for minute motor skills e.g. professional pianist

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22
Q

Definition - Buckle Fracture

A

When one side of the bone bends but does not break fully

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23
Q

Causes - Buckle Fracture

A

Compression from trauma e.g. FOOSH

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24
Q

Patient Group - Buckle Fracture

A

Children

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25
Management - Buckle Fracture
Splint until swelling reduces Casting for 3-6 weeks Surgery in few cases
26
Causes - Calcaneal Fracture
Fall from height RTA
27
Risk Factors - Calcaneal Fracture
Osteoporosis Diabetes
28
Management - Calcaneal Fracture
Conservative = casting Surgical fixation in some cases
29
Complications - Calcaneal Fracture
Compartment syndrome Achilles tendon injury
30
Definition - Colle's Fracture
Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of fragments (bent backwards)
31
Cause - Colle's Fracture
Trauma - FOOSH
32
Presentation - Colle's Fracture
Dinner fork deformity Bruising, pain + swelling
33
Management - Colle's Fracture
Casting or surgery
34
Complication - Colle's Fracture
Damage to the median nerve
35
Causes - Femoral Shaft Fracture
High energy injuries in major trauma
36
Initial Management - Femoral Shaft Fracture
Thomas's splint or long leg cast
37
Definitive Management - Femoral Shaft Fracture
Surgery = IM nail or plate fixation
38
Complications - Femoral Shaft Fracture
Fat embolus Union problems Blood loss
39
Complications - Femoral Shaft Fracture
Fat embolus Union problems Blood loss
40
Definition - Galeazzi Fracture
Distal radial shaft fracture with distal RUJ dislocation
41
Causes - Galeazzi Fracture
Direct trauma FOOSH with forearm in pronation
42
Diagnosis + Findings - Galeazzi Fracture
X-ray = radial fracture and prominent ulnar head due to dislocation
43
Diagnosis + Findings - Galeazzi Fracture
X-ray = radial fracture and prominent ulnar head due to dislocation
44
Management - Galeazzi Fracture
ORIF of the radius and stabilisation of the RUJ
45
Definition - Greenstick Fracture
Fracture in soft bone where the bone bends and breaks unilaterally
46
Causes - Greenstick Fracture
Bending forces - NAI or trauma
47
Patient Group - Greenstick Fracture
Chlildren
48
Management - Greenstick Fracture
Splinting or casting
49
Presentation - Hip Fracture
Bruising + swelling External rotation + shortening of affected leg Pain Unable to weight bear
50
Diagnosis - Hip Fracture
X-rays = pelvis and lateral hip
51
Management - Hip Fracture = Extracapsular
Intertrochanteric = DHS Subtrochanteric = IM Nail
52
Management - Hip Fracture = Intracapsular
Displaced + high functioning patient = THR Undisplaced + high functioning patient = compression hip screw Low functioning patient = hemi-arthroplasty
53
Types - Hip Fracture
Intracapsular (displaced or undisplaced) Extracapsular
54
Classification - Hip Fracture (Intracapsular)
Garden system: 1. Incomplete stable fracture 2. Complete non displaced 3. Complete and partially displaced 4. Complete and completely displaced
55
Types - Extracapsular Hip Fracture
Basicervical Intertrochanteric Subtrochanteric
56
Definition - Humeral Shaft Fracture
Fracture of the diaphysis of the humerus
57
Management - Humeral Shaft Fracture
Conservative = humeral brace or U slab cast Operative = IM nail or ORIF
58
Complications - Humeral Shaft Fracture
Radial nerve injury Union problems
59
Definition - LisFranc fracture
Tarsometatarsal fracture dislocation
60
Presentation - LisFranc fracture
Unable to weight bear Pain swelling and tenderness over the mid foot
61
Management - LisFranc fracture
Surgical fixation in the vast majority
62
Complications - LisFranc fracture
Osteoarthritis Union problems Permanent deformity
63
Definition - Maisonneuve Fracture
Spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula, associated with a tear in the interosseous membrane
64
Management - Maisonneuve Fracture
ORIF
65
Complications - Maisonneuve Fracture
Post-traumatic arthritis Peroneal nerve palsy
66
Management - Metatarsal Fracture
Prolonged rest for 6-12 weeks Moonboot May require ORIF
67
Most Common Site - Metatarsal Fracture (STRESS)
Second metatarsal shaft

Disease Profiles (15 decks)

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