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Disease Profiles > GI - Anal + Rectal Disease > Flashcards

GI - Anal + Rectal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Definition - Anal Fissure

A

A tear in the anal margin

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2
Q

Causes - Anal Fissure

A

Constipation
Crohn’s
Anal intercourse
Childbirth

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3
Q

Presentation - Anal Fissure

A

Acute, severe pain
Bright red rectal bleeding
Visible crack in the skin

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4
Q

Diagnosis - Anal Fissure

A

Clinical

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5
Q

Management - Anal Fissure (Acute)

A

Soften stool (diet changes, stool softeners)
Topical anaesthetics
Analgesia

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6
Q

Management - Anal Fissure (Chronic)

A
  1. Topical GTN
  2. Sphincterotomy/botox after 8 weeks
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7
Q

Typical Location - Anal Fissure

A

Posterior midline (90%)

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8
Q

Definition - Fistula in Ano

A

An abnormal connection between the rectum and the perianal skin

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9
Q

Causes - Fistula in Ano

A

Anal abscess
Crohn’s
TB
Carcinoma

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10
Q

Presentation - Fistula in Ano

A

Discharge
Pain
Pus/blood PR
Skin irritation

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11
Q

Diagnosis - Fistula in Ano

A

PR exam/EUA
Sigmoidoscopy
MRI

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12
Q

Management - Fistula in Ano

A

Surgical correction

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13
Q

Complications - Fistula in Ano

A

Incontinence
Recurrence

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14
Q

Definition - Haemorrhoids

A

Enlarged vascular cushions in the lower rectum/anal canal

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15
Q

Cause - Haemorrhoids

A

Increased pressure in the lower rectum

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16
Q

Presentation - Haemorrhoids

A

Painless bright red rectal bleeding
Perianal itchiness
Palpable anal mass

17
Q

Diagnosis - Haemorrhoids

A

Clinical examination including PR
Sigmoidoscopy

18
Q

Management - Haemorrhoids

A

Increase fibre intake
Ligation

19
Q

Complications - Haemorrhoids

A

Anaemia
Thrombosed/strangulated haemorrhoid

20
Q

Types - Haemorrhoids

A

Internal = proximal to the dentate line
External = distal to the dentate line

21
Q

Definition - Rectal Prolapse

A

Rectum prolapsing outside of the anus

22
Q

Presentation - Rectal Prolapse

A

Altered bowel habit
PR blood/mucous
Faecal incontinence
Protruding mass from the anus

23
Q

Diagnosis - Rectal Prolapse

A

Examination
Colonoscopy

24
Q

Management - Rectal Prolapse

A

May reduce spontaneously
Manual reduction
Some require surgery (anterior resection or rectopexy)

Disease Profiles (15 decks)

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