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2nd year medicine > MSK anatomy 2 > Flashcards

MSK anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints of the shoulder girdle? (3)

A

* Acromioclavicular

* Sternoclavicular

* Glenohumoral

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

2 processes of scapula?

A

* Acromion

* Coracoid process

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4
Q
A

…

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5
Q

Which ligaments are torn in acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Coracoclavicular ligaments

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6
Q

Which muscle moves the scapula?

Origin?

Insertion?

Innervation?

A

Trapexius = elevates, depresses + retracts scapula

* Origin = ~T1 - T12

* Insertion = occiput + spine of scapula

* Innervation = spinal accessory nerve

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7
Q

Diseases affecting glenohumoral joint? (3)

Which patients are affected by AC?

A

* OA + RA

* Dislocation

* Adhesive capsulitis = diabetic patients + following trauma

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the labrum of the shoulder joint?

What is it susceptible to?

A

Deepens socket and increases stability

Susceptibel to labral tears

* SLAP tears - where long head of biceps tendon anchors to labrum

* BANKART lesion - inferior anterior labral tear

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9
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Hold humeral head in glenoid fossa + move the arm

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10
Q

Origin of supraspinatus muscle?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin = supraspinous fosssa

* Insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus

* Innervation = suprascapular nerve

* Function = abducts arm first 15*

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11
Q

Origin infraspinatus muscle?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin = infraspinous fossa

* Insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus

* Innervation = suprascapular nerve

* Function = external rotation

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12
Q

Teres minor origin?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin = posterior surface of lateral border of scapula

* Insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus

* Innervation = axillary nerve

* Function = external rotation

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13
Q

Subscapularis origin?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin = anterior surace of scapula

* Insertion = lesser tuberosity of humerus

* Innervation = SUBscapular nerve

* Function = INTERNAL rotation

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14
Q

Rotator cuff muscles susceptible to? (2)

A

* Tears

* Impingement

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15
Q

Deltoid origin?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin = clavicle, acromion + spine of scapula (anterior, middle and posterior deltoid)

* Insertion = deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus

* Innervation = axillary nerve

* Function = abducts arm

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16
Q

Biceps brachii origin?

Insertion?

Innervation?

Function?

A

* Origin: short head = coracoid process, long head = labrum

* Insertion = tuberosity of radius

* Innervation = musculocutaneous nerve

* Function = flexes elbow, SUPINATES forearm

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17
Q
A

* radial head always on lateral side

* Coronoid on ulnar (medial) side

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18
Q

What is elbow joint susceptible to? (3)

Radial head/neck?

A

* OA + RA

* Dislocation

* OLECRANON fracture

Radial head/neck susceptibel to fracture

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19
Q

What does radial head attach to?

Ulnar head?

What is the coronoid process?

A

* Radial head -> capitulum

* Ulnar head -> trochlea

* Coronoid process is projection from ulna

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20
Q
A
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21
Q
A

Olecranon fracture

22
Q

What is the supracondylar region?

What group of people are supracondylar fractures common in?

A

Region above the medial and lateral epicondyles in elbow

* Children

23
Q

Which part of the elbow is commonly affected by bursitis?

A

Olecranon bursa

24
Q

Ligaments of the elbow? (3)

A

* Medial collateral ligamanets

* Lateral collateral ligament

* Annular ligament

25
Q

Why is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus significant?

What is it susceptible to?

A

site of insertion for all of the extensor muscles of the forearm

* Susceptible to enthesiopathies i.e. tennis elbow

26
Q

Why is the medial epicondyle of the humerus significant?

What is it susceptible to?

A

site of insertion for all of the flexor muscles of the forearm

* susceptible to enthesiopathies i.e. golfers elbow

27
Q
A

Do not get confused between radial styloid (wrist) and radial head (elbow)

28
Q
A

…

29
Q

What is the function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex in the hand? (2)

A

Shock absorption and lubricating function

30
Q

Distal radius fracture also known as?

A

Colles fracture

31
Q

Blood supply to scaphoid?

A

Scaphoid has retorgrade blood supply (meaning it is suceptible to AVN - same reason why femoral head is susceptible to AVN)

*

32
Q

What is unusual about the healing of scaphoid fractures?

A

The more distal the fracture is, the more likely it is to heal (usually the opposite for most fractures) - due to unusual retrograde blood supply

33
Q
A

Scaphoid fracture

34
Q
A

Thumb does not have an intermediate phalynx

35
Q

Thenar muscles function?

What are they? (3)

Innervation?

A

Move the thumb

* Opponens pollicis

* Flexor pollicus brevis

* Abductor pollicus brevis

Inervation = median nerve

36
Q
A

…

37
Q

Hypothenar muscle function?

What are they? (3)

Innervation?

A

Move pinky

* Abductor digiti minimi

* Opponens digiti minimi

* Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Innervation = ulnar nerve

38
Q

Interossei muscle function?

Innervation?

A

ALL flex MCPs and extend IPs

Individual functions = DAB and PAD

* Dorsal interossei (x4) - Abduct fingers

* Palmar interossei (x3) - adduct fingers

Innervation = ulnar nerve

39
Q

Lumbricals function?

Innervation?

A

Lumbricals (x4) = one for each finger, finger movement

* Innervation = lateral 2 (median nerve), medial 2 (ulnar nerve)

40
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis function?

Innervation?

What does it pass thru?

A

Flexes fingers at PIPs

* Innervation = median nerve

* Passes thru carpal tunnel

41
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus function?

Innervation?

Passes thru?

A

Flexes fingers at DIPs

* Innervation: 2nd + 3rd digits = median nerve, 4th and 5th = ulnar nerve

* passes thru carpal tunnel

42
Q

Pulley system of hand?

What are they susceptible to?

A

Annular ligaments (A1 - A5)

* A2 and A4 most important (prevent bowstringing)

* A1 most commonly involved in trigger finger

Cruciate pulleys (x3 - cross shaped)

* prevent sheath collapse during motion

susceptible to triggering

43
Q

Function of palmar fascia?

Susceptible to? (2)

A

Seperates palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from skin

* Susceptible to hypertophy and fibrosis (Dupuytren’s)

44
Q

Blood supply to hand?

Digits?

A

Radial artery + ulnar artery

* Radial digital artery + ulnar digital artery (named after side of the digit not the artery they come from)

45
Q

Peripheral nerves of hand? (3)

What do they supply?

Diagram

A

Median, ulnar + radial nerves

* Suppply extrinsic/intrinsic muscles of hand + give cutaneous sensation

46
Q

Median nerve supplies? (2)

Tests? (2)

A

Muscular supply

* Flexors of forearm

* LOAF muscles (Lateral lumbricals, opponens pollicus, abductor pollicus brevis, flexor pollicus brevis)

* TEST = abductor pollicus brevis

Cutaneous sensation

* Radial 3.5 digits

* TEST = tip of index finger + base of thenar muscles

47
Q

Ulnar nerve supplies?

Test?

A

Muscular supply

* Small muscles of the hand (intrinsics i.e. medial lumbrcals + interossei)

* Hypothenar muscles

* TEST = abductor digiti minimi

Cutaneous supply

* Ulnar 1.5 digits

* TEST = dorsum and volar aspects of pinky

48
Q

Radial nerve supplies?

Test?

A

Muscular supply

* extensors of forearm

* TEST = extensor indicis

Cutaneous sensation

* Variable portion of dorsum of hand

* TEST = dosrum of 1st webspace

49
Q

What can problem with radial nerve lead to?

A

Wrist drop

50
Q

Examples of compressive neuropathies? (2)

A

* Cubital tunnel syndrome at elbow

* Carpal tunnel syndrome at wrist

51
Q

What is cubital tunnel formed by?

What passes thru?

A

Formed by 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris + arcuate ligament

* Ulnar nerve

52
Q

Which nerve causes funny sensation in hand when elbow is banged off table?

A

Ulnar nerve

2nd year medicine (24 decks)

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