Dermatology Anatomy Flashcards
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Where does common carotid artery bifurcate?
Anterior to sternocleidomastoid at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage
Landmark brachial artery?
Medial to biceps tendon in cubital fossa
Landmark radial artery?
Lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Landmark femoral artery?
Inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligamant
Landmark popliteal artery?
In popliteal fossa
Landmark posterior tibial artery?
Between posterior border of medial malleolus + achilles tendon
Landmark dorsalis pedis artery?
Medial to tendon of extensor hallicus longus
Ax reduced arterial perfusion pressure? (5)
LVF, bleed, occlusion (atherosclerosis), arterial spasm, external compression e.g. tumour
Ax increase svenous drainage presure (stagnant blood)? (3)
RVF, DVT, compression e.g. tumour
Superficial vs deep veins? (4)
Superficial
* Smalle, superficial fascia, highly variable, drain into deep veins
Deep
* Larger, deep fascia, less variable, part of NVB
Superficial fascia vs deep fascia?
Superficial = loose connective tissue + fat
Deep = dense connective tissue (white glistening appearance), divides limbs into compartments
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Where does cephalic vein arise?
Dorsal venous network (hand)
Where is cephalic vein found in arm?
Along lateral aspect of limb
Where does cephalic vein drain?
Axillary vein
At what point does axillary vein (where cephalic vein drains) become subclavian vein?
Lateral border of rib 1
Where does basillic vein arise from?
Dorsal venous network
Where is basillic vein found in the arm?
Medial aspect of limb
Where does basillic vein drain?
Into brachial veins
Which vein is blood normally taken from?
Median cubital vein
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What are the superficial veins of the upper limb?
Cephalic, basillic and median cubital vein
Superficial veins of the lower limb? (3)
Great saphenous, small saphenous + dorsal venous arch
Where do great saphenous and small saphenous veins arise?
Dorsal venous arch
Where is great saphenous found in leg? Small saphenous?
* Great saphenous = medial aspect of limb
* Small saphenous = posterior midline
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Where does great saphenous vein drain? Small saphenous?
Great = femoral vein
Small = popliteal vein
Deep veins
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Vena comitantes?
Veins will benefit from pulsation og artery when enclosed within vascular sheath
How does blood flow from superficial veins into deep veins?
Through perforating veins
Pathology venous ulceration?
* Venous pressure increases
* Damages blood vessels in skin (superficial veins e.g. great saphenous)
* Cannot heal well due to poor blood supply
* Begins to break down
Where is the most common site of venous ulceration? Which vein is affected?
* “Gaiter area” = medial aspect of distal leg
* GREAT SAPHENOUS
Effect of embolism in segmental artery? Lobar artery? Pulmonary artery? Pulmonary trunk?
* Segmental artery = bronchopulmonary segment infarction
* Lobar artery = lobe infarction
* Pulmonary artery = infarction of one lung
* Pulmonary trunk = arrest of circulation
Drainage of superficial lymphatics of upper limb?
Follow cephalic and basillic veins
* Basillic -> cubital nodes -> lateral axillary nodes
* Cephalic -> apical axillary nodes
Drainage of deep lymphatics of upper limb?
Follow deep veins - drain into lateral axillary nodes
Where do axillary lymph nodes drain?
Subclavian veins
Drainage of superficial lymphatics of lower limb?
* Great saphenous -> superifcial inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
* Small saphenous -> popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
Where do external iliac nodes drain?
Common iliac nodes then lumbar nodes
Where do deep lymphatics of lower limb drain?
Popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
