MSK Flashcards
1
Q
Serratus anterior is inervated by which nerve ?
A
long thoracic nerve
2
Q
Which nerve inervates the deltoid muscle?
A
The axillary nerve
3
Q
Which nerve inervates the biceps brachii muscle?
A
musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
4
Q
What nerve inervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
A
spinal accessory nerve
5
Q
Which nerve is damaged leading to carpal tunnel syndrome?
A
Median nerve
6
Q
Diabetic foot infection, which bacteria?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
7
Q
what is a common pathogen seen in chronic osteomyelitis, rather than acute osteomyelitis.
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acute-Staph Aureus
8
Q
Surgical Neck fracture of Humerus, Which nerve damaged?
A
Axillary Nerve C5-C6
9
Q
Axilla/Midshaft fracture of humerus, which nerve?
A
Radial Nerve C5-C8
10
Q
Supracondylar fracture, which nerve damaged?
A
Median Nerve (C8-T1)
11
Q
Medial Epicondyle fracture,hamate bone damaged (Fall) - which nerve is damaged.
A
Ulnar Nerve
12
Q
What happens when the Axillary nerve is damaged C5-C6?
A
You cannot ABduct arm
13
Q
Which damaged nerve results in Wrist Drop?
A
Radial Nerve C5-C8
14
Q
Median nerve damage, what happens to hand?
A
Monkey Hand (Ape hand) C5-T1
15
Q
Ulnar nerve damage, what happens to hand?
A
Ulnar Claw
16
Q
What are the spine segments?
A
C1- Atlas
C2- Axis
C3-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
17
Q
Which nerve damaged when Ribs damaged? What does it cause?(2)
A
long thoracic nerve/ causes ‘winging’ of the scapula
18
Q
injury to the brachial plexus, which nerve damaged as you cannot bicep curl- and what also can you not flex
A
musculocutaneous nerve
Also, cannot flex elbow
19
Q
Damage to C3-C5 roots would cause pain where?
A
Damage to C3-C5 roots would cause pain from the neck to the upper chest.
20
Q
Damage to T11-L4 roots would cause pain where?
A
lower abdominal and leg pain.
21
Q
Damage to L1-L4 roots would cause pain where?
A
Damage to L1-L4 roots would cause leg pain.
22
Q
Damage to S1-S5 roots would cause pain where?
A
posterior leg and buttock pain.
23
Q
Can’t climb stairs, which nerve damaged?
A
can’t climb stairs - Inferior gluteal nerve
24
Q
Difficulty aBducting the hip, which nerve damaged?
A
superior gluteal nerve
25
Femoral Nerve injury,how does it happen? What is the consequence?
pelvic/hip fracture.
issues with knee extension and hip flexion
26
What is damaged during meralgia paresthetica?
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is damaged
27
obturator nerve damaged, what happens?
difficulty **AD**ducting the thigh
28
Falling onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is the most common mechanism causing a what type of carpal fracture
scaphoid fracture
29
Tell me about Colles' fracture(4)
is a fracture of the distal radius (1)
usually caused by a FOOSH (2)
**but would not cause pain in the anatomical snuffbox.** (3)
DINNER FORK DEFORMITY (4)
30
Galeazzi fracture, tell me about it (2)
fracture of the radial bone
with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
**Z in alphabet is distal**
31
Smith's fracture
fracture of the distal radius,
dorsal aspect of their wrist with their hand bent inwards, i.e. on a flexed wrist rather than an extended wrist as seen in scaphoid and Colles' fractures.
32
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor?
Axillary nerve
33
Which nerve innervates the Teres Major?
Lower subscapular nerve
34
Which nerve innervates the deltoid?
Axillary nerve
35
Which nerve innervates the Trapezius?
Accessory nerve
36
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the DIP joint
Flexor digitorum profundus
37
Flexor digitorum longus is a muscle in the lower limb responsible for ?
Flexor digitorum longus is a muscle in the lower limb responsible for plantar flexion of the 2nd-5th toes.
38
The muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes what in the hand?
the MCP and PIP joint of the fingers. It does not flex the DIP joints.
39
Flexor hallucis longus is a muscle in the lower limb which flexes the ?
great toe. It does not flex the distal interphalangeal joints.
40
Sciatic nerve injury? What happens?
1)pain, numbness and tingle over the lower back, buttocks and posterior leg,
2) knee flexion and hip **AD**duction weakness.
3) herniation of a lumbar disc.
41
Superior gluteal nerve injury , what are signs? (2)
weakness hip **AB**duction
positive Trendelenburg sign.
42
Bennett fracture, what is affected?
metacarpal bone (base of the thumb), often extending into the joint,
43
What is the term used to describe a visible angular deformity in the thoracic region?
gibbus deformity
44
L3 issue, what is effected?
knee extension
45
L5 issue, what is effected?
weakness of big toe extension
46
S1 issue, what is effected?(2)
issue with gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
weakness in plantar flexion
47
S2 issue, what is effected?
posterior thigh muscles
48
SItS - break the 4 parts down for me.
Supraspinatus- aBDucts arm (0- 15 degrees) before deltoid takes over
Infraspinatus- laterally/external arm rotation
teres minor- laterally/external arm rotation
Subscapularis- rotates arm medially
49
Osteoblasts- job?
These are the builders
50
Osteoclasts-job?
demolition experts
51
epidermis is made up of 5 distinct layers consisting of different cell types and functions (outer- to innermost)
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum*
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Come
Let's
Get
Sun
Burnt
52
unhappy triad
AMM
ACL tear
MCL sprain
Medial meniscus tear
53
issue with L4- what is effected (A,P,2)
weakness of ankle dorsiflexion and a reduced patella reflex
54
Joint aspiration in gout shows ...
**N**eedle-shaped **N**egatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals under polarised light
55
in Rheum context: gram-negative cocci shows (neisseria gonorrhoeae)
And gram-negative bacterium shows (chlamydia)
Which 2 disease profiles indicated?
septic arthritis (gonorrhoeae)
reactive arthritis (chlamydia) (knee)
56
Multiple gram-**p**ositive cocci shows ...
se**p**tic arthritis
57
pseudogout (synovial fluid) - under polarised light
Rhomboid-shaped crystals positively birefringent under polarised light shows...
58
Older man, hip pain, worse with activity and late in day. Diagnosis and 4 x-ray findings?
**Osteoarthritis**
**LOSS**
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral Sclerosis
Subchondral Cysts
59
Osteoarthritis lumps on fingers and affected joints? (2)
1) Heberden's Nodes (DIP)
2) Bouchard's Nodes (PIP)
60
Medical treatment for Osteoarthritis
1) Analgesia
2) Steroid injections
3) Joint replacement
61
Woman, 40-70 years old
Symmetrical joint pain (hands wrists, feet)
Worst in the morning
Diagnosis and antibodies (2)?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
1) Rheumatoid factor
2) CCP antibodies
62
4 types of hand deformities for Rheumatoid Arthritis
1) Z-Shaped thumb
2) Swan Neck
3) Boutonnieres
4) Ulnar deviation at the mcp joints
63
Invest. for tenosynovitis
USS
64
Scoring system for rheumatoid arthritis
DAS28
65
First line treatments rheumatoid arthritis
DMARD's
1) Methotrexate
2) Leflunomide
3) Sulfasalazine
66
3rd line Initial type of biologic DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis
TNF inhibitor infliximab
67
Asymmetrical pain / stiffness fingers and feet.
skin and nail changes.
Diagnosis?
PsA
Onycholysis
68
Screening tool for PsA
PEST
69
Most severe form of PsA and telescoping of the digits (pencil in a cup)
Arthritis Mutilans
70
Knee swelling after having GI issue- diagnosis?
Reactive Arthritis
71
Triad of features of Reactive Arthritis
ACU
Arthritis
conjunctivitis
Urethritis
Can't see, cannot pee, cannot climb a tree.
72
2 Main triggers of Reactive Arthritis
1) Gastroenteritis
2) Chlamydia
73
Gene responsible for Reactive Arthritis
HLA B27
74
Differential diagnosis for Reactive Arthritis
How to exclude other causes?
Septic Arthritis
Joint aspiration
75
Patient < 30 Y.O
Bad back- diagnosis and which gene?
Ankylosing spondylitis
HLA B27
76
Ankylosing spondylitis
worse in morning or evening?
Morning
77
Ankylosing spondylitis
worse with movement or rest?
Rest
78
Clinical exam for Ankylosing spondylitis
Schober's test
79
Xr finding in late Ankylosing spondylitis
bamboo spine
80
MRI finding in early Ankylosing spondylitis
Bone Marrow Oedema
(sacroiliac joints)
81
Features of SLE (7)
Hair Loss
Malar Rash
SOB
Splenomegaly
Joint Pain
Lympthadenopathy
Myalgia
82
What worsens SLE Rash?
Sunlight
83
Initial antibody test for SLE
ANA
84
Specific antibody test for SLE (2)
Anti- dsDNA
Anti-Smith
85
1st line SLE treatment
Hydroxychloroquine
86
Biologic for SLE , what do they target?
Rituximab
B-Cells
87
Female, 15-40
face disk shaped skin lesions, worse with sunlight
Diagnosis and initial investigation?
DLE
Skin biopsy
88
treatment for DLE (4 STSH)
1) Sun protection
2) Topical steroids
3) Steroid injections
4) hydroxychrooquine
89
Which cancer DLE?
SCC
90
blue fingers, disease?
Raynaud's Phenomenon
91
3 stages of Raynaud's Phenomenon
white -> red-> blue
92
Associated connective tissue disease for Raynaud's Phenomenon
Systematic Sclerosis
93
Blood test for connective tissue disease?
ANA
94
Test to examine small vessels in fingers (raynaud's phenomenon)
Nailfold Capillaroscopy
95
medical management of raynaud's phenomenon
Prophylactic nifedipine
96
What does CREST stand for in CREST syndrome
Calcinosis
R.P
Oesophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
97
Which anitbodies are checked in CREST?
ANA
98
Antibodies in LCSS (**limited** cutaneous systemic sclerosis)
Anti-centro**mere** antibodies
99
Antibodies in DCSS (**diffuse** cutaneous systemic sclerosis)
Anti-SCL-70 Antibodies
**70 is large number**
100
White woman above 50, shoulder pelvic girdle pain - worse in morning.
Diagnosis?
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
101
Abnormal blood test findings for Polymyalgia Rheumatica
↑ CRP
↑ ESR
↑ Plasma viscosity
Creatine kinase normal
102
treatment for Polymyalgia Rheumatica
pred 15mg
103
additional meds needed for Polymyalgia Rheumatica (3)
1. Bisphosphonates
2. Calcium+ Vit D
3. PPI
104
Old man- right side headache and jaw ache when chewing
What diagnosis and associated condition
Giant Cell Arteritis
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
105
Key complication of Giant Cell Arteritis?
Vision Loss
106
Key blood test for Giant Cell Arteritis
ESR (>50 mm/hr)
107
Proper test for Giant Cell Arteritis
Temporal Artery Biopsy
108
Initial treatment Giant Cell Arteritis
High Dose Pred (40-60)
109
older woman pain/ weakness thighs, shoulders and upper arms
purple rash on eyelids
Diagnosis?
Dermatomyositis
110
Similar diagnosis to Dermatomysitis without skin changes-
Polymyositis
111
Skin lesions on hands on joints from Dermatomyositis
Gottron lesions
112
Initial blood test for Dermatomyositis
Creatine Kinase
113
Antibodies in Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis (3)
1) Anti-JO-1 Antibodies (**Polymyositis**)
2) Anti-M1-2 Antibodies (**Dermatomyositis**)
3) ANA
114
Definitive investigation for Dermatomyositis
muscle biopsy
115
Dermatomyositis big risk?
Cancer
116
1st line treatment Dermatomyositis
Corticosteroids
117
40-60 year old women
Dry eyes
Vaginal dryness / poor sex
Which disease and which glands affected
Sjögren's syndrome
Exocrine Glands
118
Sjögren's syndrome may be 2° to?
SLE and RA
119
Sjögren's syndrome antibodies (2)
1. Anti-RO
2. Anti-LA
| Roses are lavely
120
Test for dry eyes
Schirmer test
121
Treatment to halt Sjögren's syndrome
hydroxychloroquine
122
Mnemonic for structures posterior to the medial malleolus?
Tom Dick And Nervous Harry
T-Tibialis posterior tendon
D- flexor Digitorum longus
A Posterior Tibial Artery
N Posterier neve
H Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
123
Abductor hallucis function and nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Abducts the great toe
124
Flexor digitorum brevis function and nerve
Flexes all the joints 4 toes except for the interphalangeal joint.
Medial plantar nerve
125
Abductor digit minimi (foot) function and nerve
little toe abduction
Lateral plantar nerve
126
Flexor hallucis brevis function and nerve
flexion of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
Medial plantar nerve
127
medicine to be given with methatrexate
folate / folic acid
128
40-60 year old
1. Sinusitis
2. Nose bleeds
3. Saddle shaped nose
4. Cough, Wheeze, Haemoptysis
5. Glomerulonephritis
DIAGONOSIS?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
AKA
Wedener's Granulomatosis
129
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
AKA
Wedener's Granulomatosis
Is what type of disease?
Vasculitis
130
Blood test for Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
AKA
Wedener's Granulomatosis
C-ANCA
131
treatments for
Blood test for Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
AKA
Wedener's Granulomatosis
Steroids/ immunosuppressants
132
middle eastern Man age 20 - 30,
oral + genital ulcers
Knee pain+ swelling
diagnosis?
Behcet's disease
133
Associated Gene for Behcet's
HLA B51
134
Special test for Behcet's
Pathergy test
135
disease pattern for Behcet's
relapsing - remitting
136
topical treatment for Behcet's
steroids ( Soluble betamethasone tablets)
137
Causes of mouth ulsers (linked to Behcet's) (7)
1. Simple aphthous ulcers (common)
2. IBD (crohn's)
3. Coeliac disease
4. Vitamin deficiency (B12, Folate, Iron)
**5. Herpes simplex virus**
6. Hand, foot and mouth
7. SCC
138
Which joint does gout affect?
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe, known as podagra
139
Which blood test is raised in Gout
Uric Acid
140
What is seen on aspirated fluid in Gout (2)
(1) Monosodium Urate Crystals (**needle** shaped)
(2) **Negatively** birefringent of polarised light)
141
1st line for acute gout flare
NSAIDs (eg ibuprofen or naproxen)
142
Gout renal impairment (accute) treatment and side effect
Colchicine, diarrhoea
143
Prophylactic (long term) treatment for gout
Allopurinol
144
old person hot, swollen stiff and painful **knee** - diagnosis?
pseudogout
(Larger joints)
145
what is in the joint for pseudogout?
calcium pyrophosphate crystals
146
appearance on joint fluid microscopy for pseudogout?
Rhomboid shaped crystals that are positively birefringent of polarised light
147
First line medication for pseudogout?
NSAIDS
148
Woman over 50
long term steroids for Polymyalgia rheumatica
what diagnosis and what risk assessment tool?
osteoporosis
FRAX tool (fracture risk)
149
Scan for osteoporosis
DEXA scan (BMD)
150
T score for diagnosis osteoporosis
<-2.5
151
osteoporosis guidelines
Nogg guidelines
152
1st line treatment osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates
153
Monoclonal antibody option for osteoporosis
Denosumab
154
old lady abnormal fractures, fatigue and bone pain AND increased ALP. What is it?
Low Vit D- missing the sun.
osteomalacia
155
Cause for osteomalacia (which deficiency)
Vit D deficiency
156
Abnormal electrolytes in osteomalacia (i.e. decrease ,2)
↓ serum calcium
↓ serum phophate
157
abnormal liver test in osteomalacia
↑ ALP
158
abnormal hormone in osteomalacia (not ALP)
↑ PTH
159
Treatment for osteomalacia
treatment done Vit D
160
old man , bone pain, deformity, fractures and hearing loss
Paget's disease
161
Well definined osteolytic lesions on xray , which disease and what is finding called?
Pagets
Osteoporosis circumscripta
162
Classic x-ray appearance for Paget's?
Cotton wool
163
blood test for Paget's shows?
↑ ALP
164
Main treatment for Paget's
Bisphonates
165
Morton's neuroma, which metatarsals affected?
3rd and 4th metatarsal most common
166
1. Diabetic neuropathic joint
2. Damaged secondary to sensory loss
3. Foot becomes very unstable
4. Loss of plantar arch (flat foot)
5. Swollen, red and warm
Diagnosis?
Charcot joint
167
1. Inverted and plantar flexed foot
2. Mostly idiopathic
3. Associated with spina bifida, cerebral palsy
Diagonsis?
Talipes Equinovarus (club foot)
168
Treatment for Talipes Equinovarus (club foot)
1. Manipulation and progressive casting soon after birth
2. Corrected after 6-10 weeks
3. Achilles tenotomy (85%)
169
Achille’s tendon rupture, which test
Positive Simmons - Thompsons
170
Achille’s tendon rupture, over usage of which drug?
Ciprofloxacin use
171
Weber Type A:
Below the level of the
This is a fracture below the level of the ankle joint and is often stable.
172
Weber Type B:
Weber Type B: This is a fracture at the level of the ankle joint or slightly above it. It can be stable or unstable, depending on the specific characteristics of the fracture.
distal extent at the level of the syndesmosis (trans-syndesmotic); may extend some distance proximally
173
Weber Type C:
This is a fracture above the level of the ankle joint, typically involving the fibula. It is usually unstable and may require surgical intervention.
Above the level of the syndesmosis (suprasyndesmotic)
174
ACL tests (2)
+Ve anterior drawer test – knee at 90 degrees
+ve Lachman= test – knee at 30 degrees
175
Meniscus tears test (1)
+ve McMurray’s test
176
PCL tear , how does it occur?
RTA feet up on the dashboard
177
MCL tear , how does it occur?
Common in skiers (M = Mountain)
Valgus stress
178
Iliotibial band syndrome, who gets it?
Runners
179
Anterior dislocation of Hip, what is rotation direction? low yield.
ABducted or ADducted?
Is leg shortened?
Abducted
external rotation
Yes
180
Posterior dislocation (90%) of Hip.
ADduction or ABduction?
Is leg shortened?
rotation internal or external?
Adducted
Yes
Internal
181
Hip fracture,
ABducted or ADucted?
Is leg shortened?
Abducted
Yes
182
Avascular necrosis, what causes it (3)
Long term steroids, chemotherapy, alcohol
183
What does Xray of Avascular Necrosis show (3)
1. flattening of femoral head,
2. hanging rope sign,
3. widening of joint space
184
Trochanteric bursitis, pain on AbDuction or AdDuction
abduction
185
Tibial fracture, urine appears dark and a dipstick is positive for blood. What is it?
rhabdomyolysis-
leads to the release of harmful substances into the bloodstream, including myoglobin
186
**Tibial shaft fracture** , what is there a big risk of? Open or closed?
Big risk of compartment syndrome (anterior compartment)
Usually closed fracture
187
**Femoral shaft fracture** , what is their high risk of?
High risk of fat embolism
Fat embolism = ARDS
Femoral = Fat
188
Femoral shaft fracture treatment (2)
Femoral nerve block
Thomas splint
189
Acetabulum fracture who gets it?
Young – high energy fracture
Old – low energy fracture
(osteoporosis)
Knee hitting dashboard
190
Acriomioclavicular joint injury management
Grade I/II = sling
Grade IV-VI = surgery
191
Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
pain on active or passive movement or both?
Pain on external or internal rotation?
Both
Decreased external rotation
192
rotator cuff injury,
Aduction or Abduction?
What angle?
tenderness location?
Answer:
Abduction
60-120 Degrees (painful Arc)
Tenderness is often found over the greater tuberosity and in the subacromial space, indicating rotator cuff involvement.
193
Impingement **S**yndrome
Where is injury?
Degree of arc pain?
Pain radiation?
Compression of rotator cuff tendons
(mostly **s**upraspinatus)
Painful arc (60-120degrees)
Pain radiates to deltoid and upper arm
194
Shoulder dislocations - most common and cause?
Anterior
excessive abduction and external rotation
Posterior is opposite
195
X-Ray posterior shoulder dislocation =
lightbulb sign
196
Complications of shoulder dislocations (2)
axillary nerve and brachial plexus injury
197
Surgical neck fractures , which nerve
Axillary nerve injury, Common low-energy osteoporosis injury
198
Humeral midshaft fracture , which nerve
Radial , Caused by direct trauma
199
Monteggia fracture, what is it (3)
Fracture – proximal ulna
Dislocation = proximal radial head
Monteggia ends in A = think proximal
200
Galeazzi fracture, what is it (3)
Fracture = distal radius
Dislocation = distal radioulnar joint
Galeazzi = Z = think distal
**DRUJ**
201
Golfers elbow (3)
Medial epicondylitis
Micro-tears in the common flexor origin
Pain on flexion and pronation
202
Tennis elbow (3)
Lateral epicondylitis
Micro-tears in the common extensor origin
Pain on resisted middle finger and wrist extension and supination
203
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome which nerve
Ulnar nerve
204
test for Cubital syndrome (2)
Tinel’s test and Froment’s (paper) test
205
Colles wrist fracture (3)
FOOSH onto palm of hand
Dorsal displacement and angulation , Dinner fork deformity
Think Dinner fork = distal part of bone displaced Dorsal
206
Smiths wrist fracture (3)
FOOSH onto back of hand
Volar angulation of distal radius
Garden spade deformity
207
Carpal tunnel syndrome , which nerve
median nerve compression
208
Carpal tunnel, which test
Phalen’s test
209
Carpal tunnel syndrome , who gets it (4)
Idiopathic,
RA,
pregnancy,
diabetes,
fracture (Colles)
210
Carpal tunnel contents (5)
4 x flexor digitorum superficialis
4 x flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
211
Trigger finger, what is it?
Nodular enlargement of affected tendon, usually distal to the fascial pulley over the metacarpal neck (the A1 pulley)
212
Which disease is vunerable in particular Trigger Finder
Diabetics
213
Dupuytren’s contracture
Forming normal fascial bands forming nodules and cord progressing to contractures at MCP and PIP
Most commonly affects ring and little finger
** Fingers will not straighten **
Familial, liver disease, alcoholics, diabetics
Mild = tolerated
Severe – fasciectomy or fasciotomy
214
Physis
Physis is the growth plate responsible for longitudinal bone growth.
Common fracture site for children
215
supraspinatus, what does it do?
shoulder abduction
216
Infraspinatus, what does it do?
external shoulder rotation
217
teres minor-job
external shoulder rotation and adduction
218
Subscapularis-function
internal rotation and adduction
219
first 15 degrees arm abduction (which nerve)
15 degrees (suprascapular nerve)
220
Which nerve is primarily involved in arm abduction from 15 to 90 degrees?
The **axillary nerve** is primarily involved in arm abduction from** 15 to 90 degrees**. This nerve innervates the deltoid muscle, which takes over from the supraspinatus muscle after the initial 15 degrees to continue the abduction of the arm up to and beyond 90 degrees.
221
which muscle-Beyond 90 degrees arm abduction- and which nerve innervates?
Deltoid muscle, innervated by the axillary nerve.
222
Buckle my shoe
Kick the door
pick up sticks
shut the gate
S1-S2 Buckle my shoe ANKLE
L3-L4 Kick the door KNEE
C5-C6 pick up sticks BICEPS
C7-C8 shut the gate TRICEPS
223
lumbosacral trunk issue
weakness ankle dorsiflexion
numbness calf/foot
224
Sciatic nerve issue
weakness in knee flexion , gluteal region affected
225
Obturator nerve- where is the weakness?
Weakness in hip adduction
numbness over medial thigh
226
De Quervain tenosynovitis- explain and who gets it?
usually in 30-50 year old women.
inflammation of the tendons in the wrist and thumb, often caused by repetitive thumb and wrist motions
typist
227
Baker's cyst, where is it?
popliteal fossa
228
bucket handle tear, where? Which test
Medial Miniscus, McMurray Test
229
PCL injury, which test?
Posterior test
230
Major contributor of blood supply to the femoral head is which artery?
the medial femoral circumflex artery
231
Which one of the nerves is responsible for innervation of the triceps muscle?
Radial nerve
TRICEPS
232
CRAzy TULips
Capitulum - Radial & Trochlea - ULna
233
common peroneal nerve injury- results in what?
Foot drop
234
Deep peroneal nerve supplies the?
anterior compartment of the LOWER LEG
235
Osteoarthritis, normal or raised serum calcium, ALP and PTH?
Normal
236
What is a highly specific test for SLE?
Anti-smith
237
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies (all HLA-B27 associated): PEAR
Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
238
Alendronic acid used when?
treatment of osteoporosis
239
Meaning of Pollicis, Pollex
Thumb related
240
Opponens meaning
Muscles that facilitate the ability to bring the thumb in contact with the fingers.
241
Longus meaning
Muscles with relatively long tendons often responsible for flexing or extending digits or limbs.
242
Brevis meaning
Muscles with relatively short tendons, typically responsible for smaller movements.
243
Profundus meaning
Muscles that are deeper or farther from the surface, often associated with deeper layers of muscles in the hand or foot.
244
Hip extension, which muscle in thigh responsible?
gluteus max
245
Hip ABduction, which muscles are responsible?(2)
gluteus med & Gluteus min
246
Which 3 muscles in anterior thigh flex hip?
PIC
Pectineus, illiopsosas, sartorius
247
Which 4 muscles in anterior thigh extend the hip?
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
248
Hip ADduction (Medial thigh)— which 5 muscles are responsible?
1. Adductor Longus
2. Adductor Brevis
3. Adductor Magnus
4.Obturator Externus
5.Gracilis
249
Extensor muscles that extend the hip joint, pulling the thigh backward. likely involved in hip extension? 3
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
250
Flexor muscles that flex the knee joint, bringing the lower leg closer to the back of the thigh are? 3
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
251
Anterior Leg Muscles
Dorsiflexor/Extensor - Ankle (3)
Tibialis anterior (Tib ant)
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
252
Brachialis-primary job (Flexion) (1)
Brachialis: This muscle is a primary flexor of the elbow joint.
253
Posterior Upper Arm Muscles (extension)
i.e. straightening the arm at the elbow joint.
Triceps brachii:
254
Garden classification-
I or II? What to do
I+II = no displacement
Garden I: Incomplete, non-displaced.
Garden II: Complete, non-displaced.
255
Garden classification-
III or IV? What to do
III and IV = displaced
Garden III: Complete, partially displaced.
Garden IV: Complete, fully displaced.
256
Treatment for stable intertrochanteric femur fracture?
DHS
257
Extracapsular Intertrochanteric unstable hip fracture
intramedullary nail
258
gluteus maximus is a superficial muscle involved in?
hip extension.
259
Dashboard car crash- what type of injury? (internal rotation)
Posterior hip dislocation
260
Chondrocalcinosis in the joint space is usually seen in which disease profile?
pseudogout
261
Osteoarthritis of shoulder- which test?
Scarf test
262
Annular ligament job?
Stabilises proximal radioulnar joint
263
Abnormal sign X-ray elbow
Posterior fat pad
264
You got this Divs- only few weeks left
Lifetime of happiness
265
Components of cubital fossa
**REALLY NEED BEER TO BE AT MY NICEST**
Radial Nerve
Biceps Tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
266
anterior Hip dislocation-
posterior dislocation -
What is a) Legnthened/Shortened
b) What is rotated internally/externally
anterior Hip dislocation-
lengthened , externally rotated
posterior dislocation - shortened, internally rotated
267
Primary Hyperparathyroidism =
Ca
PTH
ALP
Raised Ca,
Raised PTH,
Raised ALP
268
CKD = Ca, PTH, up or down?
Decreased Ca, Decreased PTH
269
Osteomalacia =Ca, PTH and ALP.
Raised or increased what
Decreased Ca
Increased PTH
Increased ALP
270
Osteoporosis =
Normal everything
271
Pagets ref Calcium, PTH and ALP.
Normal Ca, Normal PTH, Increased ALP.
272
Cauda equina- how it presents and what investigation
Lower back pain, Get MRI
273
Cauda equina- if you can't wipe backside?
Saddle anaesthesia
274
Osteogenesis Imperfecta- buzz word
Blue Sclera
275
DMD (x-linked) kills young boys
which sign
Gowers's sign
276
DDH treatment
Pavlick harness
277
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)- what is stand out feature? Who does it normally affect?
palpable purpura, which appears as small, raised, reddish-purple skin lesions, typically on the lower extremities
Children.
278
DHS is for which type of fracture?
DHS is for intertrochanteric fractures
279
IM nail is for which fracture type?
IM nail is for subtrochanteric fractures.
280
Remember SNOUT and SPIN.
Explain
SeNsitive tests are good at ruling things OUT.
SPecific tests are good at ruling things IN.
281
Extracapsular,STABLE hip fracture what treatment?
dynamic hip screw
282
transverse or subtrochanteric fractures-which treatment?
intramedullary device
283
Intracapsular hip fracture,High function what treatment?
THR
284
arthroplasty, when?
displaced intracapsular hip fracture, high function
285
T score -1.0 to -2.5 = x
T score < -2.5 = y
-1.0 to -2.5 = osteopaenia
< -2.5 = osteoporosis
286
Cubital Fossa contents (lateral to medial)
Lateral->Medial
Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest
Radial Nerve,
Biceps Tendon,
Brachial Artery,
Median Nerve
287
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
[Churg-Strauss Syndrome]
2 mcq buzzwords
Asthma
Eosinophilia
288
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
2 mcq buzzwords
c-ANCA
Granulomas
289
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
2 mcq buzzwords
Palpable purpura
IgA deposition
290
Kawasaki Disease
2 mcq buzzwords
(K for Kids)
Coronary aneurysms
Strawberry tongue
291
Microscopic Polyangiitis
2 mcq buzzwords
p-ANCA
Glomerulonephritis
292
Polyarteritis Nodosa
2 mcq buzzwords
Hepatitis B association
Microaneurysms
293
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
2 mcq buzzwords
Shoulder and hip girdle pain
↑ ESR+
↑ CRP
294
Takayasu Arteritis
2 mcq buzzwords
Pulseless disease
Young Asian women
295
Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
2 mcq buzzwords
Smoker's disease
Distal limb ischemia
296
Behçet's Disease
2 mcq buzzwords
(Turkish guy) Oral and genital ulcers
Uveitis
297
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
2 mcq buzzwords
Drug reactions
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
298
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
2 mcq buzzwords
Isolated CNS vasculitis
Neurological deficits
299
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener’s Granulomatosis)- which antibody?
C-ANCA
300
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and also with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
(formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome).
Which antibody?
P-ANCA
301
Muscle Fibre, outside to inside
EPFEM
Epimysium
Perimysium
Fascicle
Endomysium
M.F
302
Ewing's Sarcoma 2 buzzwords
fever and localized warmth and inflammation.
Young person (10-20)
ONION
303
Osteosarcoma 3 buzzwords
Knee
Sunburst x ray
Codman's triangle
304
Chondrosarcoma - old people- which sign on xray
Moth sign
305
Giant Cell Tumor buzzword
often around knee, buzzword
Soap Bubble
306
Fibrous Dysplasia Buzzword
Shepherd's crook
307
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) 2 buzzwords
Joint Mouse (or Loose Body)
Wilson's Sign
308
commonest benign bone tumour is an xxx?
osteochondroma
309
Oblique Fracture 2 buzzwords
Angulation:
Shearing Force
310
Spiral fracture 2 buzzwords
Torsional Force
Candy Cane Appearance
311
Transverse Fracture 2 buzzwords
Perpendicular Force
Clean Break
312
felty syndrome 3 buzzwords
RSN
Rheumatoid arthritis
Splenomegaly
Neutropenia
313
osteomyelitis 3 buzzwords
Bone Pain
Elevated ESR+/-CRP:
Sequestrum: A piece of dead bone separated from living bone seen on imaging, typically associated with chronic osteomyelitis.
314
OsteoSarcoma=
Ewings sarcoma=
Chondrosarcoma=
OsteoSarcoma= Sunburst pattern
Ewings sarcoma= OnEwin (onion skin)
Chondrosarcoma= PopChon (popcorn calcification
315
Hip External rotation, shortened =
Hip Internal rotation, shortened =
Hip External rotation, shortened = hip fracture
Hip Internal rotation, shortened = posterior disloc
316
side effect of pred on neurtrophils?
Neutrophilia
317
You did it!!!!
It will be worth it in the end!
