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Year 2 Divs > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Outermost layer of skin?

And what is it made of?

A

The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin

stratified squamous epithelium.

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2
Q

Melanocytes= What job?

Where are melanocytes derived from from?

A

Melanocytes= pigment production

Melanocytes origin= neural crest

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3
Q

2 cells in basal layer of the epidermis.

What is the most prominent cell type in the epidermis?

A

Basel layer= keratinocytes and melanocytes

most prominent= keratinocytes.

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4
Q

Epidermis contains melanocytes, what do they produce?

A

melanin

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5
Q

Order of layers of skin (superficial to Deep) (5)

A

Keratin Layer
Granular Layer
Prickle Layer
Basal Layer
Dermo-epidermal junction
Dermis

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6
Q

Which enzyme issue causes EPP (Erythropoietic protoporphyria) ?

A

ferrochelatase (FECH)

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7
Q

To make heme, ferrochelatase (FECH) has to add iron to a substance called ZZZ?

What is ZZZ?

A

ZZZ= protoporphyrin IX

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8
Q

Where are fibroblasts found, what do they produce, and what is their main function?

Location?

A

Fibroblasts= dermis

Function = wound healing by producing collagen.

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9
Q

Where is Sebaceous Gland found, what does it produce:

A

dermis (not on soles of feet and hands),

sebum

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9
Q

Melanocytes, where are they found?

A

Situated in the stratum basale

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9
Q

Collagen provides what?

A

tensile strength

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9
Q

Energy is stored where in the skin?

A

Subcutaneous fat

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10
Q

Which bacteria is associated with Panton Valentine Leukocidin (2)

A

Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA

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11
Q

Which layer of skin is most metabolically active?

A

Basel Layer

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12
Q

neural crest primarily gives rise to structures such ? (1)

A

melanocytes

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13
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) , which enzyme deficient?

A

porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD)

Peanut Butter (and) Gelly!

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14
Q

What are the 2 Porphyrin Precursors Accumulation in AIP?

A

porphobilinogen (PBG), and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the liver.

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15
Q

What colour does urine turn in Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)?

A

Port Wine coloured

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16
Q

Gene associated with Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)

A

HMBS gene

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17
Q

Prevalence key buzzword

A

Any given time

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18
Q

incidence buzzword

A

New cases over a given period of time

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19
Q

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (3)

A
  1. Affects little children
  2. Skin clear on exam
  3. Ferrochelatase deficiency

Proto IX

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20
Q

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (4)

A
  1. Blistering on sun exposure
  2. Urine colour changes, port wine colour
  3. Liver dysfunction
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21
Q

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis (3)

A
  1. Severe photosensitivity in older adults
  2. Eczema-like rash on sun-exposed areas
  3. Chronic UV exposure history
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22
Q

Polymorphic Light Eruption (PLE, 3)

A
  1. Recurrent rash after sun exposure
  2. Variability in lesion appearance
    3. SUMMER MONTHS
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23
Q

SJS (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) 3 buzzwords

A

Mucosal Involvement

<10% skin detachment

Target Lesions

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24
Q

TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) 3 buzzwords

A

> 30% skin detachment

Nikolsky’s sign +Ve

Looks worse than SJS

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25
Q

Eczema herpeticum 4 buzzwords

A

herpes simplex virus.

Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption

Dew Drop on Rose Petal

Systemic Symptoms

26
Q

bullous pemphigus 3 buzzwords

A

oral legion

desmogleins

Nikolsky’s sign negative

27
Q

Function of Skin (7)

A

Barrier

Sensation

Thermoregulation

Immune defence

Metabolism (Vitamin D3 and activation of T4-T3 (T4 conversion): Keratinocytes

responsible for vitD production

Communication

28
Q

Melanocytes produce Melanin from XXX? Derived from YYY

A

XXX= tyrosine

YYY= Neural Crest

29
Q

Keratinocytes produce YYY and synthesize XXX?

A

YYY= Keratin,

XXX = Vit D

30
Q

Merkel cells are
XXX found at YYYY layer responsible for ZZZ

A

Merkel cells are
Mechanoreceptors found at Basel layer responsible for Light Touch

31
Q

Pacinian corpuscle responsible for ?

A

pressure sensation

32
Q

Meissner corpuscle

Mechanoreceptor responsible for what?

A

Meissner corpuscle= vibration sensation

33
Q

Eccrine gland job?

A

Secrete sweat and are responsible for thermoregulation

34
Q

Apocrine gland -
Found in where?
Produce what?
Secrete which fluid?

A

Apocrine gland -

Found in axillae and perineum

Produce the scent

Secrete oily fluid

35
Q

Sebaceous gland -

Found mainly where?

Secretes oily XXX that moisturises skin

Part of YYY unit

A

Sebaceous gland -

Found mainly on face and chest

Secretes oily sebum that moisturises skin

Part of pilosebaceous unit

36
Q

Hair: 3 growth phases

After

Captain

Takesoff

gradually

eyes (i)

Rest

A

Anagen = growth

Catogen = involution

Telogen = rest

37
Q

Dermatitis: Atopic (atopic eczema)

Which faulty Gene?

A

Filaggrin gene mutation

38
Q

Secondary infection, name?

Which virus?

Tx?

A

eczema herpeticum’, monomorphic punched

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Punched out lesion - Tx: URGENT Acyclovir

39
Q

Contact allergic , delayed,

2 causes

Mgt

A

Cleaning products
Metal in clothing and jewelry

Patch test and avoid

40
Q

Contact Irritant , 3 causes

A

Cleaning products
Saliva
Urine

41
Q

Acne Vulgaris

Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

Mild

Mainly comedones with a few papules/pustules

Moderate

Comedones and many papules/pustules

Severe

Painful, nodulocystic, scarring

42
Q

Treatment for Acne

Mild to moderate -

Moderate to severe -

A

Mild to moderate - topical benzoyl peroxide with topical clindamycin (once in evening)

Moderate to severe - topical adapalene (retinoid)

With

topical benzoyl peroxide

With

oral lymecycline or oral doxycycline (Once daily)

43
Q

Cellulitis

Most common association?

Bi or Unilateral?

A

Strep pyogenes, then Staph Aureus

Unilateral

44
Q

2 key investigations for Cellulitis

A

↑ WBC
↑ CRP

45
Q

Mgt Cellulitis

A

Fluclox

pen allergic doxy

46
Q

Melanoma in situ =

A

Lentigo maligna (premalignant)

47
Q

Investigation for SCC

A

Excisional biopsy

48
Q

Bowen’s disease =

A

SCC in situ (premalignant)

49
Q

massive skin erythema and shedding, can be FATAL

A

Erythrodermic psoriasis

50
Q

Mgx of Psoriasis

A

1st line vit D analogue + potent topical steroid for up to 4 wks

51
Q

Topical - vitamin D analogue name

A

Calcipotriol

52
Q

1st line for guttate psoriasis

A

Phototherapy

53
Q

Investigation

2 buzzwords

A

Biopsy and immunofluorescence

Mucosal involvement

Nikolsky’s sign Negative

54
Q

Treatments for Pemphi VulgariS

A

Tx: High dose oral Prednisolone and immunosuppressants

55
Q

Bullous pemphigoiD

treatment

A

Tx: High dose prednisolone and weekly methotrexate

56
Q

Shingles (Herpes Zoster) , which virus

Uni or bilateral?

A

Varicella Zoster

Unilateral

57
Q

Which nerve

A

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

58
Q

Help

Every

Budding

Dermatologist

A
59
Q

UVA vs UVB, which penetrates deeper?

A

UVA

60
Q

UVA taken with what?

A

psoralen

61
Q

UVB, deep or superficial?

A

superficial

62
Q

Erythematous bullseye lesions-disease and 3 buzzwords

A
  • lyme disease
  1. erythema migrans
  2. Camping
  3. Tick bite
63
Q

Ash leaf spots/shagreen patches - disease?

A

tuberous sclerosis

64
Q

Honey-colored crust - disease and main cause?

A

impetigo (caused by staph. Aureus)

65
Q

Café-au-lait spots - disease?

A

neurofibromatosis type 1 or 2

66
Q

Eczema step up (HEBDO):

A
  • hydrocortisone
  • eumovate
  • betnovate
  • dermovate
  • oral preparations (prednisolone etc.)

Year 2 Divs (12 decks)

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