Child Health Flashcards
1
Q
Sitting supported
A
6 months
2
Q
Sitting unsupported
A
9 months
3
Q
Walking ‘’ Cruising around furniture’’
A
12 months’ (18 months)
4
Q
Follows torch with eyes
A
6 weeks
5
Q
Palmar grasp
A
6 months
6
Q
Pincer grasp
A
12 months
7
Q
'’coos’’
A
3 months
8
Q
Knows/responds to name
A
12 months
9
Q
1-2 words
A
12 months
10
Q
5 - 20 words
A
18 months
11
Q
50+ words
A
2 years
12
Q
Social smile
A
6 weeks
13
Q
Stranger anxiety
A
> 9 months
14
Q
Bye bye =)
A
12 months
15
Q
TORCH- explain
A
cerebral palsy
T- Toxoplasmosis (cats)
o- ?
R- Rubella
C- CMV
H- Herpes simplex
Anything affects brain- think CP
16
Q
Mx CP (2)
A
Oral diazepam & Oral Baclofen (spastic)
17
Q
+Ve DMD sign?
A
Gower’s
18
Q
DMD 3 buzzwords
A
X-linked recessive condition = malformation of dystrophin gene
weak calves
↑ CK
19
Q
Meningitis (5 buzzwords)
A
Fever
Headache
Non-blanching rash
Neck stiffness
Photofobia
20
Q
Meningitis, blood culture findings?
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
20
Q
Meningitis (2 gp tests)
A
Kernig’s Test (knee)
Brudzinski’s (chin+hip+knee)
20
Q
Meningitis, neonate- what bulges, and what Mx?
A
Bulging fontanelle
Mx = Mannitol 0.5g/kg IV over 10 minutes
20
Q
space for CFS needle aspiration Meningitis
A
space between L3-L4
20
Q
Meningitis, Dx CFS Analysis
Low glucose in CSF suggest W cause?
Normal glucose in the CSF suggests a x cause.
A high neutrophil count in the CSF suggests a Y cause.
A high lymphocyte count in the CSF suggests Z cause.
A
Low glaucose in csf= bacterial cause
Normal= viral
high neutrophil count in the CSF suggests a baterial cause
A high lymphocyte count in the CSF suggests TB cause.
21
MENINGITIS - CAUSES
0-3 Months
3 mths – 6 yrs
0-3 months, GEL
GroupB strep (GBS)
L. monocytogenes (old also)
3 mnths- 6 years= H. influenzae
21
0-3 months:
Think: MEN-IN-GEL-ITIS
Group B strep
E. coli
L. monocytogenes
22
Meningitis treatment (community)
IM or IV Benzylpenicillin (prior to 999)
23
Meningitis prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis:
*C*lose *R*elatives
Prefer Ciprofloxacin > Rifampicin
24
MENINGITIS Ix (hospital) 2
LP, Blood Culture
25
MENINGITIS LP contraindication ?
bulging fontanelle
26
MENINGITIS drugs
<3 months
>3 months
<3 Mth = Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin
>3 Mth = Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone
27
URINARY TRACT INFECTION, most common cause?
which reflux (35%)
E.Coli (Gram-negative)
Vesicoureteric reflux (35%)
28
Treatment Lower UTI >3 mths =
PO Antibiotics /3 days
Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Urethra
Bladder
29
Mx – Upper UTI
Admit to hospital for IV Amoxicillin + Gentamicin
30
MEASLES, what spots?
Koplik spots: white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash starts behind ears
31
MEASLES , notifiable or non-notifiable disease?
MUST tell public health
32
Cause of Rubella?
Rash description
Fetal issue?
Togavirus
pink-red maculopapular rash
High risk to foetus during pregnancy 8-10 wks gestation
33
Cause of chicken pox
Timeline
Varicella Zoster
Timeline: Macular > Papules > Vesicles > Scabs
34
SCARLET FEVER - buzzword?
Cause?
Spares?
Treatment?
Strawberry red tounge
Group A Strep Pyogenes
soles, palms + around mouth
Treatment? Oral Penicillin V
35
Cause of Mumps?
Px?
Comlication?
Paramyxovirus
Parotitis
Balls are fucked (Orchiditis)
36
ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (SLAPPED CHEEK SYNDROME)
Cause
complication of ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
Parvovirus B19 (5ths disease)
Sickle cell stuff
37
HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE
Cause =
Coxsackie virus A16
38
CROUP (3)
Parainfluenza
Barking Cough:
Stridor
Steeple Sign
Oral Dex
39
Epiglottitis (5)
H. Influenzae B
Drooling
Tripod Positioning
Cherry Red Epiglottis
Thumb Sign
40
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
CFTR gene mutation , which chromosone?
Neonates: not passing meconium within how many hours of birth?
GOLD STANDARD test?
Chromosome 7
24 hours meconium
Sweat test = GOLD STANDARD –
↑ chloride concentration
41
Bronchiolitis Cause?
3 buzzwords & Virus name
Respiratory synovial virus (RSV)
Wheezing:
Rales/Crackles
Tachypnea
42
whooping cough, (4)
B. pertussis
Paroxysmal Cough:
Inspiratory Whoop
**Posttussive Vomiting (Post-coughing vomiting)**
43
2 tests for DDH
Barlow’s (B for bad)
Ortolani test (Good)
44
DDH treatment
Pavlik Harness
45
First happens xxx then TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS OF THE HIP
What is xxx
xxx= URTI
then TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS OF THE HIP
46
CRP in TRANSIENT synovitis of hip? =
normal! (if not normal 🡪 septic arthritis)
47
PERTHES DISEASE 3 buzzwords
Primary
Unilateral limp/ pain
Hanging rope sign
48
SLIPPED UPPER FEMORAL EPIPHYSES (SUFE) (3)
Black fat kids
Secondary
Klein line (needs lateral view)
49
PYLORIC STENOSIS
Projectile vomiting , when?
USS shows ?
K+/ Cl⁻?
Mx?
30mins after feed
USS: pyloric muscle (diagnostic)
Hypokalemia/ hypochloraemic
Visible peristalsis
Surgery = Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
50
INTUSSUSCEPTION- meaning?
Stool?
Dx?
Tx?
Telescoping of intestine
Red current jelly stool
USS: target/bullseye sign OR kidney bean
Air enema 1st line
Surgery- 2nd line
51
MALROTATION W/ VOLVULUS
Px
Mx
malrotation until proven otherwise
**Green Bile stained vomitting**
Ladd
52
(three) BILIARY ATRESIA buzzwords
Prolonged jaundice >14 days after birth
pale/chalky stools
dark urine
53
HHV-2 = same as HSV-2
herpes simplex =
Parvo B19 =
HHV-6 =
HHV-8 =
CMV =
HHV-2 = same as HSV-2
(herpes simplex) = genital ulcers
Parvo B19 = slapped cheek
HHV-6 = Roseola infantum
HHV-8 = Kaposi's sarcoma
CMV = one of the TORCH, or immunocompromised
54
PDA with no cyanosis - treatment
PDA with cyanosis - treatment
PDA with no cyanosis - indomethacin (CLOSED)
PDA with cyanosis - Prostaglandins (OPEN)
55
necrotising enterocolitis (5)
Preterm babies
Bell’s Staging.
**Pneumatosis Intestinalis: radiological hallmark
**
Feed Intolerance
Systemic Sepsis
56
Cow milk protein allergy
three things
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Gastrointestinal Distress/colic
Failure to Thrive
57
GORD in paeds
Recurrent Vomiting/Regurgitation
Irritability in Infants
Failure to Thrive
58
Downs
Trisomy 21
Brushfield Spots
Single Palmar Crease
Epicanthic Fold
Hypotonia
59
Edwards (4)
Trisomy 18
Clasped Hands
Rockerbottom feet
Petit head+ Jaw
60
Roseola Infumtum (3 buzzwords)
High fever
Rash
Seizures
61
Kawasaki
CRASH & Burn
CRASH + Burn'
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy (lymph)
Strawberry tongue... the classic
Hand swelling
Burn - fever >5 days
62
Hirschsprung (3)
Aganglionic Megacolon
Failure to Pass Meconium within first 48 hours
PR exam= Stool injection
63
Fever + lymphadenopathy + maculopapular =
Vesicular -> crusty =
Heral patch -> Christmas tree ->
Koplik spots/coryzal / conjunctivitis maculopapular ->
Fever + lymphadenopathy + maculopapular - **rubella**
Vesicular -> crusty -> **chicken pox**
Heral patch -> Christmas tree -> **Pityriasis rosea**
Koplik spots/coryzal / conjunctivitis maculopapular -> **measles**
64
roseola infantum
, types of spots and virus
. What is first, rash or fever?
Nagayama's spots
HHV-6
fever then rash
65
RULE of D's
1. 1 Day
2. Down Syndrome
3. DOUBLE BUBBLE
Duodenal Atresia
66
Turner (3)
Short Stature
Webbed Neck
Monosomy X (45,X): The most common chromosomal configuration in Turner Syndrome, indicating the presence of a single X chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
