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Year 2 Divs > Child Health > Flashcards

Child Health Flashcards

1
Q

Sitting supported

A

6 months

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2
Q

Sitting unsupported

A

9 months

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3
Q

Walking ‘’ Cruising around furniture’’

A

12 months’ (18 months)

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4
Q

Follows torch with eyes

A

6 weeks

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5
Q

Palmar grasp

A

6 months

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6
Q

Pincer grasp

A

12 months

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7
Q

'’coos’’

A

3 months

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8
Q

Knows/responds to name

A

12 months

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9
Q

1-2 words

A

12 months

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10
Q

5 - 20 words

A

18 months

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11
Q

50+ words

A

2 years

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12
Q

Social smile

A

6 weeks

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13
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

> 9 months

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14
Q

Bye bye =)

A

12 months

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15
Q

TORCH- explain

A

cerebral palsy

T- Toxoplasmosis (cats)
o- ?
R- Rubella
C- CMV
H- Herpes simplex

Anything affects brain- think CP

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16
Q

Mx CP (2)

A

Oral diazepam & Oral Baclofen (spastic)

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17
Q

+Ve DMD sign?

A

Gower’s

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18
Q

DMD 3 buzzwords

A

X-linked recessive condition = malformation of dystrophin gene

weak calves

↑ CK

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19
Q

Meningitis (5 buzzwords)

A

Fever

Headache

Non-blanching rash

Neck stiffness

Photofobia

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20
Q

Meningitis, blood culture findings?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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20
Q

Meningitis (2 gp tests)

A

Kernig’s Test (knee)

Brudzinski’s (chin+hip+knee)

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20
Q

Meningitis, neonate- what bulges, and what Mx?

A

Bulging fontanelle

Mx = Mannitol 0.5g/kg IV over 10 minutes

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20
Q

space for CFS needle aspiration Meningitis

A

space between L3-L4

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20
Q

Meningitis, Dx CFS Analysis

Low glucose in CSF suggest W cause?

Normal glucose in the CSF suggests a x cause.

A high neutrophil count in the CSF suggests a Y cause.

A high lymphocyte count in the CSF suggests Z cause.

A

Low glaucose in csf= bacterial cause

Normal= viral

high neutrophil count in the CSF suggests a baterial cause

A high lymphocyte count in the CSF suggests TB cause.

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21
Q

MENINGITIS - CAUSES

0-3 Months

3 mths – 6 yrs

A

0-3 months, GEL

GroupB strep (GBS)

L. monocytogenes (old also)

3 mnths- 6 years= H. influenzae

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21
Q

0-3 months:
Think: MEN-IN-GEL-ITIS

A

Group B strep
E. coli
L. monocytogenes

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22
Q

Meningitis treatment (community)

A

IM or IV Benzylpenicillin (prior to 999)

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23
Q

Meningitis prophylaxis

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis:

Close Relatives

Prefer Ciprofloxacin > Rifampicin

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24
Q

MENINGITIS Ix (hospital) 2

A

LP, Blood Culture

25
Q

MENINGITIS LP contraindication ?

A

bulging fontanelle

26
Q

MENINGITIS drugs

<3 months

> 3 months

A

<3 Mth = Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin

> 3 Mth = Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone

27
Q

URINARY TRACT INFECTION, most common cause?

which reflux (35%)

A

E.Coli (Gram-negative)

Vesicoureteric reflux (35%)

28
Q

Treatment Lower UTI >3 mths =

A

PO Antibiotics /3 days
Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin

Urethra

Bladder

29
Q

Mx – Upper UTI

A

Admit to hospital for IV Amoxicillin + Gentamicin

30
Q

MEASLES, what spots?

A

Koplik spots: white spots on buccal mucosa

Rash starts behind ears

31
Q

MEASLES , notifiable or non-notifiable disease?

A

MUST tell public health

32
Q

Cause of Rubella?

Rash description

Fetal issue?

A

Togavirus

pink-red maculopapular rash

High risk to foetus during pregnancy 8-10 wks gestation

33
Q

Cause of chicken pox

Timeline

A

Varicella Zoster

Timeline: Macular > Papules > Vesicles > Scabs

34
Q

SCARLET FEVER - buzzword?

Cause?

Spares?

Treatment?

A

Strawberry red tounge

Group A Strep Pyogenes

soles, palms + around mouth

Treatment? Oral Penicillin V

35
Q

Cause of Mumps?

Px?

Comlication?

A

Paramyxovirus

Parotitis

Balls are fucked (Orchiditis)

36
Q

ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (SLAPPED CHEEK SYNDROME)

Cause

complication of ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM

A

Parvovirus B19 (5ths disease)

Sickle cell stuff

37
Q

HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE

Cause =

A

Coxsackie virus A16

38
Q

CROUP (3)

A

Parainfluenza

Barking Cough:

Stridor

Steeple Sign

Oral Dex

39
Q

Epiglottitis (5)

A

H. Influenzae B

Drooling

Tripod Positioning

Cherry Red Epiglottis

Thumb Sign

40
Q

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

CFTR gene mutation , which chromosone?

Neonates: not passing meconium within how many hours of birth?

GOLD STANDARD test?

A

Chromosome 7

24 hours meconium

Sweat test = GOLD STANDARD –
↑ chloride concentration

41
Q

Bronchiolitis Cause?

3 buzzwords & Virus name

A

Respiratory synovial virus (RSV)

Wheezing:
Rales/Crackles
Tachypnea

42
Q

whooping cough, (4)

A

B. pertussis

Paroxysmal Cough:

Inspiratory Whoop

Posttussive Vomiting (Post-coughing vomiting)

43
Q

2 tests for DDH

A

Barlow’s (B for bad)

Ortolani test (Good)

44
Q

DDH treatment

A

Pavlik Harness

45
Q

First happens xxx then TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS OF THE HIP

What is xxx

A

xxx= URTI

then TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS OF THE HIP

46
Q

CRP in TRANSIENT synovitis of hip? =

A

normal! (if not normal 🡪 septic arthritis)

47
Q

PERTHES DISEASE 3 buzzwords

A

Primary

Unilateral limp/ pain

Hanging rope sign

48
Q

SLIPPED UPPER FEMORAL EPIPHYSES (SUFE) (3)

A

Black fat kids

Secondary

Klein line (needs lateral view)

49
Q

PYLORIC STENOSIS

Projectile vomiting , when?

USS shows ?

K+/ Cl⁻?

Mx?

A

30mins after feed

USS: pyloric muscle (diagnostic)

Hypokalemia/ hypochloraemic

Visible peristalsis

Surgery = Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

50
Q

INTUSSUSCEPTION- meaning?

Stool?

Dx?

Tx?

A

Telescoping of intestine

Red current jelly stool

USS: target/bullseye sign OR kidney bean

Air enema 1st line

Surgery- 2nd line

51
Q

MALROTATION W/ VOLVULUS

Px

Mx

A

malrotation until proven otherwise

Green Bile stained vomitting

Ladd

52
Q

(three) BILIARY ATRESIA buzzwords

A

Prolonged jaundice >14 days after birth

pale/chalky stools

dark urine

53
Q

HHV-2 = same as HSV-2

herpes simplex =
Parvo B19 =
HHV-6 =
HHV-8 =
CMV =

A

HHV-2 = same as HSV-2

(herpes simplex) = genital ulcers

Parvo B19 = slapped cheek

HHV-6 = Roseola infantum

HHV-8 = Kaposi’s sarcoma

CMV = one of the TORCH, or immunocompromised

54
Q

PDA with no cyanosis - treatment
PDA with cyanosis - treatment

A

PDA with no cyanosis - indomethacin (CLOSED)

PDA with cyanosis - Prostaglandins (OPEN)

55
Q

necrotising enterocolitis (5)

A

Preterm babies

Bell’s Staging.

**Pneumatosis Intestinalis: radiological hallmark
**
Feed Intolerance

Systemic Sepsis

56
Q

Cow milk protein allergy

three things

A

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Gastrointestinal Distress/colic

Failure to Thrive

57
Q

GORD in paeds

A

Recurrent Vomiting/Regurgitation

Irritability in Infants

Failure to Thrive

58
Q

Downs

A

Trisomy 21

Brushfield Spots

Single Palmar Crease

Epicanthic Fold

Hypotonia

59
Q

Edwards (4)

A

Trisomy 18

Clasped Hands

Rockerbottom feet

Petit head+ Jaw

60
Q

Roseola Infumtum (3 buzzwords)

A

High fever

Rash

Seizures

61
Q

Kawasaki

CRASH & Burn

A

CRASH + Burn’

Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy (lymph)
Strawberry tongue… the classic
Hand swelling

Burn - fever >5 days

62
Q

Hirschsprung (3)

A

Aganglionic Megacolon

Failure to Pass Meconium within first 48 hours

PR exam= Stool injection

63
Q

Fever + lymphadenopathy + maculopapular =

Vesicular -> crusty =

Heral patch -> Christmas tree ->

Koplik spots/coryzal / conjunctivitis maculopapular ->

A

Fever + lymphadenopathy + maculopapular - rubella

Vesicular -> crusty -> chicken pox

Heral patch -> Christmas tree -> Pityriasis rosea

Koplik spots/coryzal / conjunctivitis maculopapular -> measles

64
Q

roseola infantum

, types of spots and virus

. What is first, rash or fever?

A

Nagayama’s spots
HHV-6
fever then rash

65
Q

RULE of D’s

  1. 1 Day
  2. Down Syndrome
  3. DOUBLE BUBBLE
A

Duodenal Atresia

66
Q

Turner (3)

A

Short Stature

Webbed Neck

Monosomy X (45,X): The most common chromosomal configuration in Turner Syndrome, indicating the presence of a single X chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX or XY).

Year 2 Divs (12 decks)

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