MS: strains and sprains

Question 1

most common causes of strain

Answer 1

over extension, over exertion , over stretching

Question 2

categories of strains

Answer 2

-First- degree/mild
Minimal inflammation and pain; ROM may be normal
-Second- degree/moderate
Painful with muscle spasm; ecchymosis may be evident; actual tearing of tendon or muscle tissue
-Third-degree/severe
Rupture of muscle or tendon; internal bleeding, ecchymosis, inflammation.
Surgical repair needed

Question 3

sprain

Answer 3

injury to ligaments- Connective tissues that secure Bone to bone, bone to cartilage

Question 4

categories of sprain

Answer 4

-First-degree/mild
Minimal tearing; edema and pain
Joint function intact; can ambulate with mild discomfort
-Second-degree/moderate
Increased swelling, ecchymosis, pain
Altered weight-bearing- 3 point gait (non-weight bearing) ; Moderate amt of tearing, ligament is not completely torn
-Third-degree/severe
Complete tearing of the ligament; unable to ambulate
Severe pain, ecchymosis, edema
May require surgery

Question 5

dx for sprain

Answer 5

Physical exam
Radiography
Ultrasound
MRI- more definitive

Question 6

treatment for sprain (RICE)

Answer 6

Rest
Ice- first 24-72 hrs after injury (not > 30 min more than 3-5 x day) 
Compression
Elevate affected area
Others:
Braces
NSAIDs

Question 7

nursing education

Answer 7

1. report worsens symptoms

2. report lost of function/mobility/sensation