ms random 3

Question 1

stroke

Answer 1

• 3rd most common cause of death
• 25% of chronic instability
• TIA - less than 24hrs but puts risk in having a greater stroke (25x chance after 1 year and 9x in 5)
• cerebral infact (75-80%) of strokes with large arterial thromoblism being the greatest )

Question 2

• Which pathological process?

Answer 2

1. infarction/haemorrhage
2. rupture of an artery
3. thrombosis or embolism

Question 3

Features of a Stroke and TIA

Answer 3

• Loss of neurological function (virtually always)
• Sudden onset
• Maximum at onset without spread or worsening
• Thought to be due to inadequate blood supply or haemorrhage
• Cerebral Infarcation = 75 – 80% of all strokes (sub category:50% affects large artery thrombolism)
• Intracerebral Haemorrhage is 10 – 15% of all strokes

Question 4

FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL AND OCULAR SYMPTOMS

Answer 4

1. motor
2. speech/language disturbance
3. sensory symptoms
4. vestibular symptoms (vertigo/spinning)
5. behavioural/cognitive symptoms (visuo-spatial perceptual dysfunction)

Question 5

1. Motor symptoms

Answer 5

• Weakness (hemiparesis)
• Simultaneous bilateral weakness
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Imbalance (ataxia)

Question 6

2. Speech/Language Disturbance

Answer 6

• Difficulty understanding or expressing spoken language (dysphasia)
• Difficulty reading (dyslexia) or writing (dysgraphia)
• Difficulty calculating (dyscalculia)
• Slurred speech (dysarthria)
• Impaired voice (dysphonia

Question 7

3. Sensory symptoms

Answer 7

Somatosensory
• Altered feeling on one side of body or face
Visual
• Loss of vision in one in whole or in part (monocular blindness)
• Loss of vision in half or quarter of visual field (hemianopia , quadrantanopia)
• Bilateral blindness
• Double Vision (diplopia)

Question 8

Non-focal neurological symtpoms

Answer 8

Generalised weakness and/or sensory disturbance
 Lightheadedness/faintness
 “Blackouts” with altered or loss of consciousness
 Incontinence of urine or faeces
 Confusion
 Any of the following symptoms, if isolated
- Vertigo
 -Tinnitus
 -Dysphagia
 -Dysarthria
 -Diplopia
 - Ataxia

Question 9

artery stroke

Answer 9

Middle Cerebral artery
-	Worse in UL
-	More general
Anterior Cerebral artery
-	Worse in LL
Latuna Infarct
-	Stroke in internal capsule
-	Pure motor dysfunction