Mrs Rex 1.1 - CV System

Question 1

Systole

Answer 1

Describes the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. The ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries.

Question 2

Diastole

Answer 2

Relaxation phase of cardiac cycle. The heart ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood.

Question 3

5 stages of cardiac conduction system

Answer 3

1) SA node fires
2) impulse spreads through atrial myocardium
3) AV node fires
4) Excitation spreads down bundle of his
5) purkinje fibres distribute impulse through ventricular myocardium

Question 4

What valve prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary valve to RA?

Answer 4

The semilunar valve

Question 5

What 2 arteries are semilunar valves in?

Answer 5

Pulmonary artery, aorta

Question 6

The heart is myogenic, what does that mean?

Answer 6

It has the ability to generate it’s own electrical impulses.

Question 7

Cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Answer 7

Heart muscle becomes bigger after exercise and therefore cardiac output increases

Question 8

Sympathetic system

Answer 8

Part of the autonomic nervous system which speeds up heart rate.

Question 9

Parasympathetic system

Answer 9

A part of the autonomic nervous system that decreases heart rate.

Question 10

Medulla oblongata

Answer 10

Most important part of the brain as it regulates processes that keep us alive such as breathing and HR.

Question 11

Chemoreceptors

Answer 11

Detect an increase in CO2 and increase heart rate.

Question 12

Baroreceptors

Answer 12

Detect an increase in blood pressure and decrease heart rate.

Question 13

Proprioceptors

Answer 13

Detect an increase in muscle movement and increase heart rate.

Question 14

Anticipatory rise

Answer 14

When you know you’re about to do exercise, your heart rate increases slightly.

Question 15

Adrenaline

Answer 15

A stress hormone released by the sympathetic and cardiac nerves during exercise which increases heart rate.

Question 16

Diastole phase

Answer 16

When the heart relaxes to fill with blood.

Question 17

Ejection fraction

Answer 17

The percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat.

Question 18

Plasma

Answer 18

The fluid part of the blood, mainly made of water.

Question 19

Haemoglobin

Answer 19

Iron containing pigment in red blood cells which combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin.

Question 20

Myoglobin

Answer 20

Iron containing muscle pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres which has a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin. It stores the oxygen in muscle fibres which can quickly be used when exercise begins.

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

The powerhouse of the cell where all chemical reactions and energy production takes place.

Question 22

Pathway of the blood in the heart

Answer 22

Vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semi lunar valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic semi lunar valve > aorta > rest of body

Question 23

Myogenic

Answer 23

The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses

Question 24

SAN

Answer 24

Small mass of cardiac muscle found in wall of the right atrium that generates the heart beat. More commonly called the pacemaker.

Question 25

AVN

Answer 25

This node relays the impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart .

Question 26

Systole

Answer 26

When the heart contracts.

Question 27

Bundle of his

Answer 27

A collection of heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from the AVN via the bundle branches to the ventricles.

Question 28

Purkinje fibres

Answer 28

Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of ventricles.

Question 29

Cardiac output

Answer 29

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute

Question 30

SV x HR =

Answer 30

Cardiac output (Q)

Question 31

Cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 31

The thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger; also can mean a larger ventricular cavity.

Question 32

Bradycardia

Answer 32

When someone’s rhr is below 60bpm

Question 33

Steady state

Answer 33

When the athlete is able to meet the oxygen demand with the oxygen supply.

Question 34

Cardiovascular drift

Answer 34

the phenomenon where some cardiovascular responses begin a time dependent change, or “drift” after around 10 minutes of exercise in a warm or neutral environment without an increase in workload.

Question 35

Systolic pressure

Answer 35

The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting.

Question 36

Diastolic pressure

Answer 36

The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing.

Question 37

The skeletal muscle pump (venous return)

Answer 37

When muscles contract and relax they change shape. This means they press against nearby veins and create a pumping effect, squeezing blood towards the heart.

Question 38

The respiratory pump (venous return)

Answer 38

When muscles contract and relax during breathing, pressure changes in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. These changes in pressure compress nearby blood vessels, pumping blood back to the heart.

Question 39

Pocket valves (venous return)

Answer 39

Ensure that the blood only travels in one direction in the veins. They close to prevent the back flow of blood.

Question 40

Myoglobin

Answer 40

Often called ‘muscle haemoglobin’, it is a muscle pigment in slow-twitch muscle fibres which stores oxygen so that it can be used quickly at the start of exercise.

Question 40

Vasodilation

Answer 40

The widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries.

Question 40

Vasoconstriction

Answer 40

The narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce the flow into the capillaries.

Question 40

Vascular shunting

Answer 40

Redistribution of cardiac output.