Mr M 6.1 - psychological influences on the individual Flashcards
Trait theory
We are born with innate characteristics called traits that do not change.
Socialisation
Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others.
Social learning approach
We learn behaviour from people we hold in high esteem, eg role models, friends, teachers etc.
Primary socialisation is what we learn from…
Family and close friends
Secondary socialisation is what we learn from…
Friends, school, work, football teams or anywhere outside of our family.
Copying Ronaldo’s celebration is an example of …
Secondary socialisation
Speaking with the same accent as our parents is and example of…
Primary socialisation
Interactionist perspective
A theory which combines the trait theory and the social learning approach to predict learning behaviour in a specific environment. Backed up by Lewis formula.
Lewin formula
B = f (P x E)
The Hollander approach
Shows environment does affect behaviour. For example a quiet person in everyday life may become loud and fiery when playing football.
3 parts of personality according to Hollander Approach
1) core or performer; values and beliefs of individual
2) typical responses; the use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations.
3) role reflected behaviour; how a performer adapts to a role when the situation demands.
Sceptical approach to predicting behaviour
You don’t believe the theories and doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour.
Credulous approach to predicting behaviour
You believe the theories and accept there is a link that personality can predict behaviour.
+ves of a questionnaire
- efficient
- deals with a lot of info
-ves of a questionnaire
- biased answering
- misunderstood questions
+ves of an observation
- true to life
- during a real performance
-ves of an observation
- subjective
- behaviour could change when watched
+ves of an interview
- more depth
- specific
-ves of an interview
- time consuming
- similar to a questionnaire
What are the three personality characteristic theories?
- the interactionist perspective
- the social learning theory
- the trait theory
Attitude
Core values, beliefs and ideologies of an individual.
Triadic model is made up of:
- The cognitive part, representing your beliefs
- The affective part, the feelings and emotions
- The behavioural part, the actions
Cognitive dissonance
New information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change.
Persuasion
An effective communication to promote change
