Mr J 3.2 - Impact Of Sport On Society And Society On Sport

Question 1

Society

Answer 1

A human society is a group of people involved in frequent interpersonal relationships. This often involves a large social grouping sharing the same geographical territory.

Question 2

Socialisation

Answer 2

Socialisation is a lifelong process in which members of a society learn its norms, values and beliefs in order to take their place in that society.

Question 3

Primary socialisation

Answer 3

This occurs during the early years of childhood and mainly within the immediate family.

Question 4

Secondary socialisation

Answer 4

This occurs during later years, when the family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ begin to exert more influence.

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

A negative feeling towards a person or minority group, usually based on non-factual stereotypes.

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

The unfair treatment of a person or minority group; to act on a prejudice.

Question 7

Internalisation

Answer 7

The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.

Question 8

Gender socialisation

Answer 8

The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through gender socialisation.

Question 9

Social control

Answer 9

Refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, behaviour and appearance are regulated in social systems.

Question 10

Institution

Answer 10

An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional or social purpose.

Question 11

Social change

Answer 11

An alteration in the social order of society.

Question 12

Inequality

Answer 12

When resources and opportunities are distributed unequally throughout a society.

Question 13

3 causes of inequality

Answer 13

• lack of money/costs of participation.
• lack of confidence/self esteem
• lack of role models/coaches/participants
• myths or stereotypes about certain groups

Question 14

MR MC

Answer 14

Money
Role models
Myths
Confidence

Question 15

Social stratification

Answer 15

A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic such as wealth or status.

Question 16

Social Action Theory

Answer 16

A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action.

Question 17

Progression

Answer 17

The process of gradually developing towards a more advanced state.

Question 18

Interactionist approach

Answer 18

The study of how individuals behave within a society.

Question 19

Prejudice

Answer 19

To form an unfavourable opinion about an individual based on inadequate facts (religion, race, gender, disability etc.)

Question 20

Discrimination

Answer 20

The unfair treatment of a person or minority group. To act on a prejudice.

Question 21

Stereotyping

Answer 21

Making simple generalisations about all members of a group which allows others to categorise and treat them accordingly.

Question 22

Overt discrimination

Answer 22

Visible/obvious discrimination

Question 23

Covert discrimination

Answer 23

Hidden/less obvious discrimination

Question 24

TIME barriers

Answer 24

Time
Income
Motivation
Education

Question 25

Integration

Answer 25

All groups taking part in the same activity at the same time (London marathon)

Question 26

Segregation

Answer 26

Different groups participating separately amongst themselves (paralympics)

Question 27

3 barriers for disabled people

Answer 27

- negative self image/lack confidence - lack of access to facilities - lack of specialist coaches or clubs

Question 28

Racism

Answer 28

A set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that give some races superiority over others.

Question 29

Ethnic groups

Answer 29

People who have racial, linguistic or religious traits in common.

Question 30

Stacking

Answer 30

Disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team, which is often based on stereotypes.

Question 31

Channeling

Answer 31

Ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sports or positions based on stereotypes.

Question 32

3 Barriers for ethnic minorities

Answer 32

- Higher value placed on education than sport - fear of racism, abuse etc. - fewer role models to aspire to - fear of rejection, low self esteem - language barriers

Question 33

Rooney rule

Answer 33

Requires national football teams in USA to interview minority candidates for head coaching and senior football operation jobs.

Question 34

TRIPS gender barriers

Answer 34

``` Time Role models Income Pe programmes Sponsorships ```

Question 35

3 health benefits of raising participation

Answer 35

Decreased risk of heart disease Avoidance of high/low blood pressure Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes

Question 36

3 fitness benefits of raising participation

Answer 36

``` Improved posture Improved CVF Improved flexibility Improved reaction time Etc. ```

Question 37

3 social benefits of participation

Answer 37

- Raised seretonin and endorphins have emotional and social benefits. - improved sleep patterns improve relationships and mood. - make new friends, meet new people.