Mr J 3.1 - Emergence Of Globalisation Of Sport In 21st Century Flashcards
Preindustrial Britain years
Pre 1780
Feudal system
Broadly defined it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
Popular recreation
The sport and past times of people in pre-industrial Britain.
Patron
A member of the gentry who looked after a member of the working class.
3 characteristics of mob football
Violent Simple (few rules) Localised Often led to damage of property Often led to injuries and deaths
4 C’s of life in pre1780 britain
Communications and transport
Cruel or violent existences the norm for LC
People lived in Countryside
Clear Class divisions
3 popular recreations
Mob football
Real tennis
Foot racing
3 characteristics of real tennis
Complicated, many rules Expensive High moral code Lacked violence Mutual respect between opponents Less localised
Industrial and post industrial era years
1780 - 1900
Rational recreation
In 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the WC which were designed by the MC to be well ordered, organised and controlled.
Who was dr William Penney Brooks?
The man who was the driving force behind the Wenlock Olympian Games.
HITFOR (1780-1850)
H = poor Health and Hygene I = lack of Income T = lack of free Time F = Facility provision lacking O = Overcrowding of cities and towns R = Restrictions placed on mob games
How did improvements have a positive effect after 1850
- health and hygene improved
- development of MC
- gradual increase in wages and free time
- influence of ex-public school boys
- industrial patronage
- improved communications and travel
Industrial patronage
Factory teams set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absences and encouraging loyalty.
Effects of urbanisation
Large WC populations
Loss of traditional sports
Change in working conditions
Lack of space
Reasons why the church promoted sport
- encouraged social control (ie improved behaviour) through civilised activities, diverting people away from less ‘socially acceptable activities’ such as drinking and gambling.
- sport seen as a good way of promoting a Christian values.
- the clergy viewed sport as a good way to increase church attendance.
Ways in which the church promoted sport.
- development of the ymca, which encouraged good health.
- organised teams, set up clubs and competitions. (Aston Villa were started by a church)
- provided facilities on their playing fields and church halls.
Who were the middle class
Self made working class men who took advantage of the new business opportunities available in industrial Britain. (Ie factory owners).
How did the middle class promote sport?
- Codification and the development of NGB’S (this is to do with public school and university ‘old boys’ as well)
- organised competitions
- public provisions built
- Increased leisure time
- move to professionalism
Codification
The gradual organisation and defining of the rules of sports.
Philanthropists
Kind, generous, MC individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to provide for a better life among the WC.
How did the British empire spread sport?
- taught traditional sporting values in schools throughout the empire.
- churches developed teams and missionaries took sport abroad.
- factories developed teams and gave players time off to compete nationally and internationally.
- British army would play sport abroad as a pastime, which was picked up by the locals.
Public provisions
Local council provision of facilities for the masses to participate.
Amateurs
A person who played sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.
Professionals
A person who receives financial gain from playing sport.
Bosman ruling
A EU court of justice decision made on 15 December 1995 concerning freedom of movement of workers. It allowed footballers to move clubs at the end of their contract without a transfer fee having to be paid.
Who set up the FA in 1863
Ex-public school boys
When did Jimmy Hill win the abolition of the maximum wage?
1961 (same year as the might yids won the double 💙💙💙💙)
3 things that led to the emergence of elite female footballers in modern day football.
- Equal opportunities (sex discrimination act)
- increased media coverage of women’s football
- more female role models in football
- increased approval in FA
- More clubs forming
Lawn tennis
A MC invention, as they were unable to play real tennis which was exclusive to the UC, but still aspired to be like them.
Commercialism
The process of attempting to gain money from sport or other activities.
Sponsorship
When a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised, usually to increase the sales of their goods.
Merchandising
The practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another, e.g. Tottenham Hotspur bag
Golden triangle
The golden triangle refers to the relationship between sport, business and the media.
Globalisation
The process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more interdependent via improvements in communications and travel.
3 ways in which globalisation is seen in sport
- sponsorship of events
- players recruited to play for teams in other countries
- different sports being spread to new nations
- increased pressure on athletes to perform at their best, which may lead to the use of illegal substances.
Society
An organised group of people for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of the society learn it’s names, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society.
Internalisation
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.
Gender socialisation
The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation.
Social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviours are regulated in a social system.
Institution
An established organisation founded for religious, educational, professional or social purpose.
Social change
An alteration in the social order of a society.
