Movement Control Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 elements aid in postural stability
How do they do this
What can happen to these elements when you don’t use them?

A

POSTURAL CONTROL VIA REFLEXES

  • ay coactivation
    • changes sensitivity of spindles by changing proportional contractions

Postural sway
-dynamic spindle control

Vestibular
-input from vestibular apparatus => vestibular nuclei => SC => reflex ext, flexor innervation

Visual
-eye => LGN => sup coll =(TST)=> SC

Pressure
-skin pressure receptors, especially in feet

These reflexes can be reset

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2
Q

What is tabes dorsalis

What are the consequences of this

A

Loss of pressure receptors in the feet

-close eyes => fall

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3
Q

What 3 elements must you have before you even start thinking about moving
-where do you get feedback from

A

TONE => POSTURE => BALANCE

  • visual
  • vestibular
  • proprioception
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4
Q

What is the 1st step in movement
What part of the brain is needed
What is the blood supply

What happens if this region is damaged
-how can it be damaged

A

Prefrontal cortex
-idea and motivation
ACA

Vulnerable to head injury => lose motivation to move

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5
Q

What is the 2nd step in movement
What 2 brain parts coordinate this
What is the blood supply

What happens if these regions are damaged

A

Premotor cortex

  • planning
  • apraxia, dyspraxia

Supplementary motor cortex

  • programming
  • akinesia, bradykinesia, hypokinesia

MCA, ACA

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6
Q

What brain region supplies sensory info to the premotor and supplementary motor areas
What is the blood supply

What happens if this region is damaged

A

Post parietal

  • analysis of sensory info from visuals
  • apraxia, dyspraxia

MCA

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7
Q

What brain region is involved in both the retrieval of motor memory and error corrects during movement
What is the blood supply

What happens if this region is damaged

A

Cerebellum

  • motor memory, balance
  • coordinates motor commands and proprioceptive feedback and corrects errors

Dysmetria (faulty error correction)
Ataxia (errors in mv)
Asynergia (faulty coordination)
Intentional tremor (Parkinsons)

MS (affects myelinated neurones

SC
AIC
PIC

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8
Q

What brain region is involved in the programming of movement
-what specifically does it affect
-how does it do this
What is the blood supply

What happens if this region is damaged

A

Basal ganglia

  • amplitude and frequency of contractions programmed via many nuclei
  • direct and indirect pathway

Parkinsons

  • chorea, athetosis
  • resting tremor
  • akinesia/bradykinesia/hypokinesia

MCA, ACA, AchA

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9
Q

What brain region carries out the movement after planning and programming

  • how does it do this
  • describe the route of the fibres and the respective blood supplies
A

Primary motor cortex (CST)
-MCA, ACA

Internal capsule

  • post limb (peripheral) MCA + AchA
  • genu (face) MCA

SC
-AH => peripheral nerve => NMJ

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10
Q

Where do we receive sensory feedback from to stop the movement
-how?

A
Visual
Vestibular
Peripheral
-spindles, GTO
-joint
-cutaneous pressure
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11
Q

What can happen when the motor cortex, CST is damaged

A

Flaccid paralysis (damage in cortex?)

  • acute => contralateral paralysis
  • chronic => motor cortex reorganization and extrapyramidal dominance

Spastic paralysis (damage in UMN)

  • withdrawal reflex dominant
    • increased a motor activity => increased stretch reflex
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