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Lab Animal > Mouse diseases > Flashcards

Mouse diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is mouse hepatitis virus?

A

Corona virus, SS RNA, enveloped

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2
Q

Infection patterns of Mouse Hepatitis virus are classified as either ____tropic or ____tropic

A

enterotropic or respiratory (polytropic)

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3
Q

How do B6 and BALB/c mice differ inrespect to their susceptibilitiy to MHV

A

BALB/c mice more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice (B/c have Th2 biased, B/6 have Th1)

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4
Q

What is the primary tropism for polyropic MHV and how does it attach?

A

Primary tropism for upper respiratory tract mucosa, attaches to CEACAM1a via spike protein

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5
Q

True or false: Most field strains for Mouse Hepatitis Virus are polytropic (respiratory)

A

False, most are enterotropic

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6
Q

Describe the role of B and T cells in in the dissemination and clearance of MHV

A

B cells mediate clearence and T cells prevent dissemination

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7
Q

How does MHV impact research

A

Respiratory strains deplete NK cells, incites a significant B and T cell response and infects monocytes & dentritic cells
Enterotropic strains infere with coinfections

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8
Q

For MHV serology is the cross reactivity good or bad among strains?

A

Excellent cross reactivity

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9
Q

How can MHV be confirmed on histology?

A

Lesions should by confirmed by IHC, PCR or serology (Syncytia are not pathognomic)

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10
Q

What tissue is recommended for PCR testing for MHV

A

mesenteric LN

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11
Q

Describe 2 ways to control MHV

A

Immunocompetent colonies by not breeding and no new mice for 6-8 weeks (test 1st). This is so-called “burn-out”
Generally eliminated by rederivation

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12
Q

Describe the capsid of murine parvoviruses

A

Eicosahedral capsid:

Three proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3

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13
Q

What structural protein determines teh cell specificty of murine parvoviruses

A

Capsid protein VP2

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14
Q

What protein is the major effector of cytotoxicity in mouse parvoviruses

A

NS1

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15
Q

What is the most prevalent not culture adpated strain of Mouse Minute virus?

A

MMVm

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16
Q

Which jas a higher prevalence mouse parvovirus or mouse minute virus?

A

MPV

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17
Q

Is the cross reactivity good or bad when testing for MPV by ELISA, MFIA?

A

Not very cross reactive

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18
Q

What strain of mouse parvovirus is also known as hamster parvovirus?

A

MPV-3

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19
Q

In what strain of mouse should serology testing for parvovirus be cautiously interpreted

A

B6, tend to be pretty resistant

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20
Q

Describe PCR sampling for parvovirus testing

A

Mesenteric LN or feces, also can test environmentall swabs and cell cultures

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21
Q

Describe the seasonality of mouse parvoviruses. What does this seasonality indicate?

A

Spike of cases in June/July, suggests wild rodents involved in transmission

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22
Q

Describe control measures for mouse parvoviruses

A

Can only eliminate with rederivation and must test offspring andd foster carefully
Test and cull strategy may also work

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23
Q

What does EDIM stand for and what pathogen causes it?

A

Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice (EDIM)

Caused by group A rotavirus

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24
Q

What type of virus is a Rotavirus

A

Nonenveloped, dsRNA virus in Reovirus family

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25
Q

Describe the tropism for mouse rotavirus

A

Primarily infects mature enterocytes at tip of villi (binds to sialylated glycoconjugates)

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26
Q

How are nude and SCID mice different in regards to rotavirus infection?

A

Nude mice clear infection, but infection persists in SCID mice

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27
Q

What histology finding is classic for rotavirus?

A

Enterocyte vacuolation (but not specific)

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28
Q

The preferred diagnostic for rotavirus screening is…

A

Serology (fecal PCR and ELISA also available)

29
Q

What type of virus is mouse norovirus

A 
Small, nonenveloped, ssRNA viruses in the Caliciviridae.
Murine noroviruses (MNV) are Genogroup V.
30
Q

What unique about young mice in regards norovirus infection

A

Mice younger than 1 week not susceptible to infection

31
Q

What are 2 potential problems with using soiled serology from soiled bedding sentinels to detect MNV?

A

Mice may take up to 8 weeks to seroconvert

Failures of infection transfer by soiled bedding documented

32
Q

What “triad of infections” are common in GM mice

A

Murine norovirus (MNV)
Pasteurella pneumotropica
Helicobacter, esp. H. hepaticus

33
Q

What type of virus is Theiler’s mouse encephalitis virus (family, genus)

A

Family Picornaviridae; Genus Cardiovirus

34
Q

Differenitals for mice with flaccid paralysis of the hindlimbs

A 
Lymphosarcoma
Traumatic injury (spinal cord or limbs)
Genetic disease
MHV (natural infection)
LDV in immunodeficient mice
35
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of TMEV including inital cell tropism and the 3 forms of disease.

A

The virus is enterotropic and reaches the CNS after a transient viremia
Three forms of disease – Acute encephalitis, poliomyelitis (only one that occurs naturally), and demyelinating

36
Q

What type of virus is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (family, genus, +/- envelope, DNA/RNA)

A

LCM virus (Family Arenaviridae; Genus Arenavirus) – enveloped RNA virus

37
Q

How do mice become persistantly infected with LCMV?

A

Only animals infected before 1 week of age will shed the virus. Animals infected after that do not shed.

38
Q

True or false: LCMV can be vertically transmitted?

A

Yes if the dam is persistantly infected

39
Q

Describe the cell tropism of LCMV

A

pancytotropic (Lymphoreticular system, Brain, Salivary gland, Urogenital system)

40
Q

Describe the acute onset disease of LCMV

A

Two forms – Neurologic and visceral

Emaciation, ascites, lymphocytic inflammation

41
Q

Describe late onset disease of LCMV

A

In utero transmission results in congenital carrier mice, may develop emaciation and ascites

42
Q

Histopathologic findings associated with LCMV late onset disease

A

Immune complex disease
Membranoproliferative GN, Polyarteritis / periarteritis / panarteritis
Extensive lymphocytic infiltration of almost any tissue

43
Q

What material can be used to test for LCMV in mice

A

Material contaminated with urine or kidneys

44
Q

Serology can be used to screen for LCMV but _____ groups may be seronegative

A

enzootic

45
Q

Describe the Ectromelia virus

A

Ectromelia virus (Family Poxviridae, Genus Orthopoxvirus) (enveloped DNA virus)

46
Q

Clinical signs of ectromelia

A

Sudden death in highly susceptible strains
Focal to generalized rash (papules, macules, ulcers, and scabs)
Amputated limbs and tail
Conjunctivitis and blepharitis

47
Q

Internal gross leasions appreciated with ectromelia

A

Spleen
–Acute: Splenomegaly +/- white foci (necrosis)
–Chronic: Small pale plaques on the capsular surface and/or fibrotic scars
Liver :Hepatomegaly +/- multiple white foci

48
Q

On histopathology what type of inclusions may be seen in association with ectromelia lesions

A

Large acidophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions might be observed in lesions

49
Q

Ddx for ectromelia

A 
–Cutaneous Strep or Staph
–Traumatic injury to the tail and extremities
–Bedding fibers causing limb necrosis
–Ringtail
–Mouse hepatitis virus infection
–Ectoparasites
50
Q

Most common causes of ectromelia positive serology results

A

exposure or vaccination with vaccinia virus

51
Q

What type of virus is lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus

A

Arterivirus (genus of Coronaviridae), ssRNA, enveloped

52
Q

How long do mice shed LDV

A

Shed for life

53
Q

What is unique about serology for LDV

A

animals usually antibody neg, can use PCR to test serum

54
Q

Mouse thymic virus is also known as

A

Mouse Thymic Necrosis Virus or Mouse T-Lymphotropic Virus

55
Q

What family does MTLV belong to?

A

Herpesviridae

56
Q

MTLV tropism

A 
T-cells (early) except T suppressor cells
Salivary gland (later)
57
Q

How do infant and adult mice differ in regards to response following MTLV infection

A

Suckling (esp <48 hr) primary infection of thymus and do not form antibodies. Adults get primary infection of salivary glands and do form abs

58
Q

Which virus is assocaited with the “Oily Hair Effect”?

A

Reovirus type-3

59
Q

What is the disease presentation for Helicobacter hepaticus (consider mouse strain)

A

Chronic hepatitis and in A/J inbred mice - increased hepatocellular carcinomas, Typhlocolitis in some strains (A/J, C3H/HeN)
In immunodeficient mice (RAG2, SCID, Athymic, IL-10 KO, etc.): Typhlocolitis and prolapsed rectum, hepatitis, may be necrotizing

60
Q

Diagnostics for Helicobacter detection

A

PCR is best, also histo w/ silver stain, culture, serology available

61
Q

True or false: Helicobacter can be eliminated by cross fostering pups to “clean” dams

A

True as long as the pups are <24 hrs old when fostered

62
Q

Etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia

A

Citrobacter rodentium

63
Q

True or false TMCH mice are carriers for life

A

False, mice recover fully

64
Q

Top 2 bacterial disease consioderations for rectal prolapse

A

Helicobacter (esp immunocompromised), Citrobacter (esp immunocompetent)

65
Q

Lesions associated with Pasteurella pneumotropica in immunocompetent mice

A

Lesions rare but mastitis, conjunctivitis/ dacroadenitis, metritis

66
Q

Lesions associated with Pasteurella pneumotropica in immunocompromised mice

A

Necrotizing, suppurative dacryoadenitis
Suppurative dermatitis (abscesses)
Metritis

67
Q

Sites to culture for P pneumotropica

A

nasopharynx, repro tract, conjunctiva, cecum

68
Q

When performing PCR for P pneumotropica primers should be included for what 2 biotypes?

A

Heyl and Jawetz

Lab Animal (11 decks)

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