Motor Skills

Question 1

What are 4 characteristics of motor skills?

Answer 1

1. Action has purpose
2. Performed voluntarily
3. Involves body/ limb movement
4. Needs to be learned

Question 2

What are 3 one-dimensional systems of motor skill classification?

Answer 2

1. Size of musculature
2. Distinctiveness of movements
3. Stability of the environment

Question 3

What types of motor skills are concerned with the size of the musculature and precision of movement (2)?

Answer 3

1. Gross motor skills

2. Fine motor skills

Question 4

What are gross motor skills?

Answer 4

Skills which involve large muscles and precision of movement is not that important.

Question 5

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 5

Require the control of smaller muscles to achieve a goal. Usually involve a high degree of precision.

Question 6

What types of motor skills are concerned with the distinctiveness of movements (3)?

Answer 6

1. Discrete
2. Serial
3. Continuous

Question 7

What are discrete motor skills?

Answer 7

Have clearly defined beginning and end points. E.g. Throwing a bowling ball.

Question 8

What are serial motor skills?

Answer 8

A series of discrete motor skills performed in a specific order. E.g. Dance routine.

Question 9

What are continuous motor skills?

Answer 9

Have no obvious beginning or endpoints. E.g. Running, skiing, etc.

Question 10

What starts/stops a continuous motor skill?

Answer 10

The performer or external forces, not the skill itself

Question 11

What types of motor skills are concerned with the stability of the environment (2)?

Answer 11

1. Closed

2. Open

Question 12

What are closed motor skills?

Answer 12

Performed in a stable and predictable environment

Question 13

What are open motor skills?

Answer 13

Performed in an ever-changing and predictable environment.

Question 14

What are two ways to measure motor performance?

Answer 14

1. Performance outcome measure

2. Performance process measure

Question 15

What are performance outcome measures?

Answer 15

Measures the outcome or result of performing a motor skill.

Question 16

What are performance process measures?

Answer 16

Measure how aspects of motor control system are functioning during the performance of an action.

Question 17

It reaction time a measure of performance outcome of process?

Answer 17

Outcome.

Question 18

What is reaction time?

Answer 18

The time interval between the presentation of a signal and the initiation of a movement.

Question 19

What are the three types of reaction times?

Answer 19

1. Simple
2. Choice
3. Discrimination

Question 20

What is simple reaction time?

Answer 20

1 signal and 1 response.

Question 21

What is a choice reaction time?

Answer 21

2+ signals, each with its own response.

Question 22

What is a discrimination reaction time?

Answer 22

2+ signal, with one response.

Question 23

Which reaction time takes the longest to process?

Answer 23

Discrimination.

Question 24

What are the 2 parts of reaction time?

Answer 24

1. Pre-motor time (PRMOT)

2. Motor time (MOT)

Question 25

What is PRMOT?

Answer 25

Time between the signal and the first change.

Question 26

What is MOT?

Answer 26

Time between the first muscle EMG activity and observable movement.

Question 27

What is the equation for reaction time?

Answer 27

MOT= RT - PRMOT

Question 28

What is absolute error?

Answer 28

Overall size of error.

Question 29

How do you calculate AE?

Answer 29

Sum of [performance score-goal]/ # of trials

Question 30

What is constant error?

Answer 30

Provides an overall direction of error.

Question 31

How do you calculate CE?

Answer 31

Same as AE except it is not an absolute value so the sign is considered. Sum of (performance score-goal)/ # of trials

Question 32

What is variable error?

Answer 32

The standard deviation of performance.

Question 33

How do you calculate VE?

Answer 33

Take the square root of variance.

Question 34

What are 4 performance process measures?

Answer 34

1. Kinematics 2. Kinetics 3. Electromyography (EMG) 4. Coordination

Question 35

What are kinematics?

Answer 35

Motion qualities without regard to force

Question 36

What are 3 factors in kinematics?

Answer 36

1. Displacement 2. Velocity 3. Acceleration

Question 37

What are Kinetics?

Answer 37

Various internal and external forces actin on the body.

Question 38

What is EMG?

Answer 38

Electrical activity in the muscle.

Question 39

What is coordination?

Answer 39

Spatial and temporal relationships of limb segments.

Question 40

What does the sensory system do?

Answer 40

Detects environmental information.

Question 41

What does the Perceptual system do?

Answer 41

Organizes and classifies environmental information.

Question 42

What does the memory do?

Answer 42

Encodes and stores information for later retrieval

Question 43

What does the processor do?

Answer 43

Integrates perpetual and memory information and makes decisions.

Question 44

What do the response organization and effector mechanism do?

Answer 44

Organizes the appropriate motor commands and sends them to the muscles..