Motor Skills Flashcards
What are 4 characteristics of motor skills?
- Action has purpose
- Performed voluntarily
- Involves body/ limb movement
- Needs to be learned
What are 3 one-dimensional systems of motor skill classification?
- Size of musculature
- Distinctiveness of movements
- Stability of the environment
What types of motor skills are concerned with the size of the musculature and precision of movement (2)?
- Gross motor skills
2. Fine motor skills
What are gross motor skills?
Skills which involve large muscles and precision of movement is not that important.
What are fine motor skills?
Require the control of smaller muscles to achieve a goal. Usually involve a high degree of precision.
What types of motor skills are concerned with the distinctiveness of movements (3)?
- Discrete
- Serial
- Continuous
What are discrete motor skills?
Have clearly defined beginning and end points. E.g. Throwing a bowling ball.
What are serial motor skills?
A series of discrete motor skills performed in a specific order. E.g. Dance routine.
What are continuous motor skills?
Have no obvious beginning or endpoints. E.g. Running, skiing, etc.
What starts/stops a continuous motor skill?
The performer or external forces, not the skill itself
What types of motor skills are concerned with the stability of the environment (2)?
- Closed
2. Open
What are closed motor skills?
Performed in a stable and predictable environment
What are open motor skills?
Performed in an ever-changing and predictable environment.
What are two ways to measure motor performance?
- Performance outcome measure
2. Performance process measure
What are performance outcome measures?
Measures the outcome or result of performing a motor skill.
What are performance process measures?
Measure how aspects of motor control system are functioning during the performance of an action.
It reaction time a measure of performance outcome of process?
Outcome.
What is reaction time?
The time interval between the presentation of a signal and the initiation of a movement.
What are the three types of reaction times?
- Simple
- Choice
- Discrimination
What is simple reaction time?
1 signal and 1 response.
What is a choice reaction time?
2+ signals, each with its own response.
What is a discrimination reaction time?
2+ signal, with one response.
Which reaction time takes the longest to process?
Discrimination.
What are the 2 parts of reaction time?
- Pre-motor time (PRMOT)
2. Motor time (MOT)
What is PRMOT?
Time between the signal and the first change.
What is MOT?
Time between the first muscle EMG activity and observable movement.
What is the equation for reaction time?
MOT= RT - PRMOT
What is absolute error?
Overall size of error.
How do you calculate AE?
Sum of [performance score-goal]/ # of trials
What is constant error?
Provides an overall direction of error.
How do you calculate CE?
Same as AE except it is not an absolute value so the sign is considered. Sum of (performance score-goal)/ # of trials
What is variable error?
The standard deviation of performance.
How do you calculate VE?
Take the square root of variance.
What are 4 performance process measures?
- Kinematics
- Kinetics
- Electromyography (EMG)
- Coordination
What are kinematics?
Motion qualities without regard to force
What are 3 factors in kinematics?
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
What are Kinetics?
Various internal and external forces actin on the body.
What is EMG?
Electrical activity in the muscle.
What is coordination?
Spatial and temporal relationships of limb segments.
What does the sensory system do?
Detects environmental information.
What does the Perceptual system do?
Organizes and classifies environmental information.
What does the memory do?
Encodes and stores information for later retrieval
What does the processor do?
Integrates perpetual and memory information and makes decisions.
What do the response organization and effector mechanism do?
Organizes the appropriate motor commands and sends them to the muscles..
