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Kinesiology 122 > Motor Skills > Flashcards

Motor Skills Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 characteristics of motor skills?

A
  1. Action has purpose
  2. Performed voluntarily
  3. Involves body/ limb movement
  4. Needs to be learned
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2
Q

What are 3 one-dimensional systems of motor skill classification?

A
  1. Size of musculature
  2. Distinctiveness of movements
  3. Stability of the environment
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3
Q

What types of motor skills are concerned with the size of the musculature and precision of movement (2)?

A
  1. Gross motor skills

2. Fine motor skills

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4
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

Skills which involve large muscles and precision of movement is not that important.

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5
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

Require the control of smaller muscles to achieve a goal. Usually involve a high degree of precision.

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6
Q

What types of motor skills are concerned with the distinctiveness of movements (3)?

A
  1. Discrete
  2. Serial
  3. Continuous
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7
Q

What are discrete motor skills?

A

Have clearly defined beginning and end points. E.g. Throwing a bowling ball.

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8
Q

What are serial motor skills?

A

A series of discrete motor skills performed in a specific order. E.g. Dance routine.

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9
Q

What are continuous motor skills?

A

Have no obvious beginning or endpoints. E.g. Running, skiing, etc.

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10
Q

What starts/stops a continuous motor skill?

A

The performer or external forces, not the skill itself

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11
Q

What types of motor skills are concerned with the stability of the environment (2)?

A
  1. Closed

2. Open

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12
Q

What are closed motor skills?

A

Performed in a stable and predictable environment

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13
Q

What are open motor skills?

A

Performed in an ever-changing and predictable environment.

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14
Q

What are two ways to measure motor performance?

A
  1. Performance outcome measure

2. Performance process measure

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15
Q

What are performance outcome measures?

A

Measures the outcome or result of performing a motor skill.

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16
Q

What are performance process measures?

A

Measure how aspects of motor control system are functioning during the performance of an action.

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17
Q

It reaction time a measure of performance outcome of process?

A

Outcome.

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18
Q

What is reaction time?

A

The time interval between the presentation of a signal and the initiation of a movement.

19
Q

What are the three types of reaction times?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Choice
  3. Discrimination
20
Q

What is simple reaction time?

A

1 signal and 1 response.

21
Q

What is a choice reaction time?

A

2+ signals, each with its own response.

22
Q

What is a discrimination reaction time?

A

2+ signal, with one response.

23
Q

Which reaction time takes the longest to process?

A

Discrimination.

24
Q

What are the 2 parts of reaction time?

A
  1. Pre-motor time (PRMOT)

2. Motor time (MOT)

25
Q

What is PRMOT?

A

Time between the signal and the first change.

26
Q

What is MOT?

A

Time between the first muscle EMG activity and observable movement.

27
Q

What is the equation for reaction time?

A

MOT= RT - PRMOT

28
Q

What is absolute error?

A

Overall size of error.

29
Q

How do you calculate AE?

A

Sum of [performance score-goal]/ # of trials

30
Q

What is constant error?

A

Provides an overall direction of error.

31
Q

How do you calculate CE?

A

Same as AE except it is not an absolute value so the sign is considered. Sum of (performance score-goal)/ # of trials

32
Q

What is variable error?

A

The standard deviation of performance.

33
Q

How do you calculate VE?

A

Take the square root of variance.

34
Q

What are 4 performance process measures?

A
  1. Kinematics
  2. Kinetics
  3. Electromyography (EMG)
  4. Coordination
35
Q

What are kinematics?

A

Motion qualities without regard to force

36
Q

What are 3 factors in kinematics?

A
  1. Displacement
  2. Velocity
  3. Acceleration
37
Q

What are Kinetics?

A

Various internal and external forces actin on the body.

38
Q

What is EMG?

A

Electrical activity in the muscle.

39
Q

What is coordination?

A

Spatial and temporal relationships of limb segments.

40
Q

What does the sensory system do?

A

Detects environmental information.

41
Q

What does the Perceptual system do?

A

Organizes and classifies environmental information.

42
Q

What does the memory do?

A

Encodes and stores information for later retrieval

43
Q

What does the processor do?

A

Integrates perpetual and memory information and makes decisions.

44
Q

What do the response organization and effector mechanism do?

A

Organizes the appropriate motor commands and sends them to the muscles..

Kinesiology 122 (10 decks)

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