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Kinesiology 122 > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

The internal/external forces that produce the initiation, direction, and persistence of behaviour.

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2
Q

What are 3 important components of motivation?

A
  1. Direction of effort
  2. Intensity of effort
  3. Persistence
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3
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

Engaging in behaviours due to interest or enjoyment.

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4
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

Engaging in behaviours to attain rewards or outcomes that lie outside the activity itself.

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5
Q

What is a trait-centred view of motivation?

A

What athlete brings to situation.

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6
Q

What is a situational-view of motivation

A

What environment brings to situation.

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7
Q

What a interaction-centred view?

A

Interaction between personal and environmental.

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8
Q

What does behaviourism focus on?

A

Conditioning. Environment determines actions.

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9
Q

Who are the fathers of behaviourism?

A

Watson and Skinner.

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10
Q

What are 2 behavioural approaches?

A

Operant conditioning and Vicarious conditioning.

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11
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Behaviours associated with consequences that are learned through reinforcement or punishment following the behaviour.

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12
Q

What is reinforcement?

A

Factors that increase the frequency of behaviour.

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13
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Giving something when someone performs a good behaviour to increase that behaviour.

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14
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Taking away something to increase good behaviour.

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15
Q

What is punishment?

A

Any factor that decreases frequency of a behaviour.

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16
Q

What is vicarious conditioning?

A

Resultant from observing others. The outcomes must be valued by the individual.

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17
Q

Who was the father of the cognitive approach?

A

Aaron Beck

18
Q

What is the cognitive approach?

A

An approach which emphasizes thoughts and cognitive habits as causes of behaviour.

19
Q

What 3 theories are associated with the cognitive approach?

A
  1. Self determination theory
  2. Attribution theory
  3. Social cognitive theory
20
Q

What does self determination theory focus on?

A

The extent to which behaviours are undertaken from an individuals own choice vs. controlled by something external.

21
Q

What 6 types of motivation are there on the motivational continuum?

A
  1. Amotivation
  2. External Regulation
  3. Introjected regulation
  4. Identified regulation
  5. Integrated regulation
  6. Intrinsic regulation
22
Q

Which types of motivation are extrinsic? (4)

A
  1. External Regulation
  2. Introjected regulation
  3. Identified regulation
  4. Integrated regulation
23
Q

What is amotivation?

A

A lack of motivation.

24
Q

What is external regulation?

A

An activity done to fulfill an external contingency or demand.

25
Q

What is introjected regulation?

A

The activity is done to avoid negative emotions, enhance positive emotions, or maintain self-worth.

26
Q

What is identified regulation?

A

The activity is linked to important goals that stem from participating in the activity.

27
Q

What is integrated regulation?

A

The activity is symbolic of the individuals identity.

28
Q

What is is intrinsic regulation?

A

The activity is inherently satisfying, enjoyable, interesting, stimulating, and self-rewarding.

29
Q

What does attribution theory focus on?

A

How individuals explain success and failure.

30
Q

What are stable attributions?

A

Relatively unchanging (ability and task difficulty).

31
Q

What are unstable attributions?

A

Vary markedly from time to time (effort and luck).

32
Q

What are internal attributions?

A

Perceived as controllable (ability and effort).

33
Q

What are external attributions?

A

Perceived as outside one’s control (task difficulty and luck).

34
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

Something that describes the factors that affect and determine behaviour.

35
Q

What is reciprocal determinism?

A

Something which describes the dynamic interplay of social cognitive theory including personal factors, environmental factors, and behavioural factors.

36
Q

What is a key component of social cognitive theory?

A

Self Efficacy.

37
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Beliefs in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments.

38
Q

What central tendencies is the cognitive-behavioural approach based on (2)?

A
  1. Our cognitions influence our emotions and behaviour

2. Out behaviour can affect out thoughts and emotions

39
Q

What 2 things does the cognitive-behavioural approach use?

A
  1. Goal-setting

2. Feedback

40
Q

What is the acronym for SMART goals?

A

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely

Kinesiology 122 (10 decks)

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