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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > Motor-Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Motor-Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

It is the body’s central framework

A

Skeletal system

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2
Q

the skeletal system consists of _____ and ______

A

bones and connective tissue (cartilage, ligaments, tendons)

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3
Q

what is the primary function of skeletal system

A
  • structure
  • protection
  • act as levers
  • produce blood cells
  • store calcium
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4
Q

Organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, & cardiac muscles.

A

muscular system

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5
Q

muscular system permits ______ of the body, maintains _______, and _______ blood throughout the body.

A
  • movement
  • posture
  • circulates
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6
Q

what is the primary function of muscular system

A
  • allow movement and position
  • produce heat
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7
Q

point of articulation of two bones; provide ROM

A

joint

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8
Q

connects bone to bone

A

ligament

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9
Q

connect muscle to bone

A

tendon

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10
Q

supports and shapes; acts as a shock absorber

A

cartilage

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11
Q

sacs filled w/ synovial fluid; cushion & reduce friction
between joints

A

● Bursae:

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12
Q

type of joint that permits rotation in one axis ( supinates, pronates, rotates)

A

pivot

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13
Q

type of joint that allows FLEXION and EXTENSION

A

hinge

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14
Q

type of joint that can be FLEXED, EXTEND, ABDUCT, ADDUCT and CIRCUMDUCT. also called “Egg-in-spoon joint”

A

condyloid

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15
Q

longitudinal type of joint with bone moving around a central axis
without any displacement from tat axis

A

axis

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16
Q

moves across many possible axes (flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction & circumduction)

A

ball and socket

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17
Q

moves across many axes; articular surface are flat, & one bone rides over the other in many directions (limited in many directions)

A

plane/ gliding

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18
Q

type of joint that can only abduct, adduct, opposition and reposition

A

saddle

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19
Q

in assessing the musculoskeletal system, what are the possible abnormal findings

A
  1. Symmetry/Asymmetry –
  2. Skin Color and Appearance
  3. Rash
  4. Ulcers
  5. Lack of sweating
  6. Hair abnormalities
  7. Warmth and heat
  8. Swelling including effusions, nodules
  9. Inflammatory findings like synovial and periarticular thickening.
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20
Q

what are the common problems of the musculoskeletal system

A

pain
weakness
stiffness
balance and coordination

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21
Q

it is usually associated with movement

A

muscle pain

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22
Q

muscle pain can be caused by ______ or _______

A

cramping or soreness

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23
Q

what are the possible cause of bone pain?

A

fracture
RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
Osteoarthritis

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24
Q

bone pain can be felt as ______, ________, ________ pain

A

deep, dull, throbbing

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25
Q

RA and osteoarthritis is experienced by joint pain and stiffness, what is the difference between them?

A
  • RA worse in the morning
  • Osteoarthritis worse at the end of the day
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26
Q

it is associated with certain diseases that migrates from muscle to groups of muscles

A

muscle weakness

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27
Q

how do we assess muscle weakness?

A
  • know symptoms patter
  • ask pt if weakness interferes with ADL
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28
Q

T OR F: is it necessary to ask the patient if the muscle weakness interferes with their ADL?

A

T

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29
Q

what are the 2 SYMPTOM PATTER for muscle weakness

A
  • proximal weakness
  • distal weakness
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30
Q

a. Proximal weakness -is usually a _________
b. Distal weakness - is usually a

A
  • myopathy
  • neuropathy
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31
Q

what ADLS are affected when there is PROXIMAL weakness of UPPER extremities

A

difficulty lifting objects or combing hair

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32
Q

what ADLS are affected when there is PROXIMAL weakness of LOWER extremities

A

difficulty with walking & crossing the knees.

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33
Q

what ADLS are affected when there is DISTAL weakness of UPPER extremities

A

difficulty in dressing or turning the knob

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34
Q

it is the most common musculoskeletal complaint

A

stiffness

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35
Q

this indicates neurological problem

A

balance and coordination

36
Q

balance and coordination problems manifest as__________ or difficulty in _________

A

gait problems
ADL

37
Q

_____________ is a neurodegenerative genetic
disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive
decline and psychiatric problems.

A

Huntington’s disease (HD)

38
Q

irregular & uncoordinated voluntary movements.

A

ataxia –

39
Q

● Rigid, stooped posture with head leaning forward
& arms, knees & hips stiffly flexed
● Rapid, short, shuffling steps
● Cause: __________ (classic gait)

A

propulsive gait
- Parkinson’s disease

40
Q

● BILATERAL spastic paresis of legs; arms not involved
● LEGS FLEXED at hip & knees
● Knees ADDUCT & meet or cross like scissors
● SHORT STEPS, foot plantarflexed, walks on toes
● Causes: ________,________,________

A

scissors gait
-Cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord tumors

41
Q

● UNILATERALLY stiff, DRAGGING leg from leg, muscle HYPERTONICITY
● Causes: ______,______,______

A

spastic gait (hemiplegic)
- Stroke, MS, brain tumor

42
Q

● DUCK LIKE walk with WIDE base of support, chest thrown back, exaggerated LUMBAR CURVE (lordosis), & PROTRUDING abdomen
● Weak pelvic girdle muscles
● Normal in ________ & late signs of _________

A

waddling gait
- toddlers, pregnancy

43
Q

● FOOT DROP with external rotation of hip & hip & knee flexion
● FOOT SLAP when it hits ground
● Causes: ____,_______,________

A

Steppage gait (EQUINE, PRANCING, PARETIC, OR WEAK)
- MS, perineal muscle atrophy, or nerve damage

44
Q

what is the normal spinal curve (posture)
- cervical =
- thoracic =
- lumbar =
- sacral =

A
  • cervical = concave
  • thoracic = convex
  • lumbar =concave
  • sacral =convex
45
Q

a spinal deformity characterized by an accentuated THORACIC curve

A

kyphosis

46
Q

known as dowager’s hump

A

senile kyphosis

47
Q

a spinal deformity characterized by an accentuated LUMBAR curve

A

lordosis

48
Q

a spinal deformity characterized by lateral “S” spinal deviation

A

scoliosis

49
Q

common abnormality where there is PLANTAR FLEXION of the foot with the toes BENT

A

foot drop

50
Q

this abnormality is a result from the weakness or paralysis of the
dorsiflexor muscles of the foot & ankle

A

footdrop

51
Q

footdrop may also be caused from prolonged ________

A

immobility

52
Q

it is a strong contraction and is most common in calf and foot

A

muscle spasms (cramps)

53
Q

T OR F: muscle spasms may result from muscle fatigue, exercise,
electrolyte imbalances, neuromuscular disorder & pregnancy

A

T

54
Q

it is a common musculoskeletal abnormality characterized by MUSCLE WASTING or degeneration or prolonged muscle DISUSE

A

muscle atrophy

55
Q

crunching or grating you can hear or feel when a joint with roughened
articular surfaces moves

A

crepitus

56
Q

T OR F: crepitus can be heard in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fracture

A

T

57
Q

Unexplained __________-excessive muscle size
__________ – atony
__________ - weakness
__________ – involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
__________ – involuntary contraction of muscles

A
  • hypertrophy
  • Flaccidity
  • Hypotonicity
  • Fasciculations
  • Tremors
58
Q

How to describe the musculoskeletal INJURY (5 P’s)

______ - Location, severity, quality
_______ - Loss of sensation
_______ - inability to move -tendon or nerve damage
_______ - paleness, discoloration, & coolness
______ - Distal to the injury site

A
  • pain
  • ● Paresthesia
    ● Paralysis
    ● Pallor
    ● Pulse
59
Q

it is an AUTOIMMUNE disease causing inflammation of the joint

A

rheumatoid arthritis

60
Q

among all joint abnormality, it is the most serious and disabling?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

RA symptoms involves, ______, ____, ______ finger joints

A

Swollen, stiff, tender

62
Q

chronic RA is characterized by two types of deformity, what are those

A

○ Boutonniere deformity
○ Swan-neck deformity

63
Q

it is a joint abnormality that has presence of DEFORMITIES and NODULES of the hands

A

gouty arthritis

64
Q

it is a hereditary metabolic disorder with hyperuricemia in the joints

A

gouty arthirist

65
Q

a joint abnormality that is common in women? in men?

A

women = RA
men = gouty

66
Q

deterioration of bone cartilage in
the joint, leading to pain &
limited movement

A

osteoarthritist

67
Q

it is a DJD(degenerative joint diseases) and also known as “wear and tear” arthrisist

A

osteoarthritis

68
Q

part of osteoarthritis that is hard, painless nodules over the DISTAL interphalangeal joints? PROXIMAL?

A

distal = Heberden’s nodes
proximal = Bouchard’s nodes

69
Q

a symptom of Systemic Lupus Erymatosus (an autoimmune disease in which the immune
system attacks its own tissues).

A

Lupus Arthritis

70
Q

Lupus Arthritis Symptoms include _____, _______, and _______ rash on the face.

A

fever, joint pain and butterfly-shaped

71
Q

type of arthritis that affects
some people with the skin
condition PSORIASIS.

A

psoriatic arthritis

72
Q

T OR F: psoriatic arthritis typically causes affected joints to become swollen, smooth and painful.

A

F (stiff)

73
Q

Often on MEDIAL side, may present with laterally DEVIATED great toe with OVERLAPPING of 2nd toe

A

hallux valgus

74
Q

Enlarged, painful, INFLAMMED BURSA SACS filled with synovial fluid; cushion and reduce friction between joints

A

bursae

75
Q

HYPEREXTENSION of the metatarsophalangeal joint & FLEXION of the proximal interphalangeal joint

A

hammer toe

76
Q

PAINFULLY thickened skin over bony prominences & pressure points

A

corns

77
Q

PAINLESS thickened skin that
covers pressure points

A

callus

78
Q

Round, enlarged, fluid-filled cyst
(dorsal side of wrist)

A

ganglion

79
Q

non tender but may be painful near
tendon sheath

A

ganglion

80
Q

what are the 7 types of joints

A

pivot
hinge
conduloid
axis
ball and socket
plane: gliding
saddle

81
Q

4 common problmes lf MS sys assessment

A

Pain
weakness
Stiffness
Balance and coordination problmes

82
Q

what are the five abnormal gaits

A

propulsive
scissor
spastic
waddling
steppage

83
Q

what are three spinal deformities

A

Kyphosis
scoliosis
lordosis

84
Q

four common musculoskeletal abnormalities

A

Footdrop
muscles spasm or cramps
muscle atrophy
Crepitus

85
Q

5 muscles abnormalities

A

unexplaid Hypertrophy
Flaccidity
Hypotocinicity
Fasciculationd
tremors

86
Q

what ar ethe five Ps

A

Pain
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
pulse

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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