Genitourinary Flashcards
also known as the renal system produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.
Urinary System,
what blood vessel in the kidney structure carries cleaned / filtered blood from the kidney to the heart?
main vein/ renal vein
what blood vessel in the kidney structure that brings blood with wastes
main artery/ renal artery
it carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
They are __ bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a __, located just __ the rib cage, one on each side of your __.
two, fist, below, spine
An adult kidney is about __ (5 in) long and __ (2.5 in) wide
12 cm, 6 cm
FUNCTIONS
● Responsible for getting rid of __, ___, and __
through our urine.
● Regulate ___ (salt) concentrations
● Regulate amount of ___ within the body
● Help regulate ___
● Help maintain ___ balance
Produce ___ that affect blood and bones
- waste products, drugs, toxins
- electrolyte
- fluid
- blood pressure
- acid-base
- hormones
a kidney is composed of tiny units of
nephrons
nephrons consists of ___ and ___
glomeruli, tubules
it is part of the nephron where in it COLLECTS the waste to form urine
tubules
they are small blood vessel that FILTER wastes and excess fluids
glomeruli
it is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
The structure that actually produces urine in the process of
removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
nephron
___ slender tubes ___ cm (10–12 inches) attaching the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureters, 25-30 cm
● Continuous with the renal pelvis
● Enter the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder
● Run behind the peritoneum
ureters
A temporary storage reservoir for urine.
urinary bladder
It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis,
and below the parietal peritoneum.
urinary bladder
Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac situated posterior to the pubic
symphysis
urinary bladder
triangular region of the urinary bladder base based on three openings
trigone
Two openings from the ureters
uretheral orifices
One opening to the urethra
internal urethral orifice
The tube through which urine leaves the body.
urethra
is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.
Urine
flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder.
Urine
PROCESS that results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra
Urination
what are the (6) urine composition
- water
- urea
- inorganic salts
- creatinine
- ammonia
- urochrome
what is the percentage of water in urine composition
95%
urine is __ composed of urea.
2%
Is the MAJOR constituent of the urine and the principal means for DISPOSAL ofN NITROGEN derived from amino acid metabolism
Urea
Urine is __ composed of inorganic salts.
1.5%
inorganic salts includes __,___,___
sodium, potassium, chloride
is a chemical the body makes to supply
energy, mainly to muscles.
Creatine
This test is done to see how well your kidneys work.
creatinine
is removed by the body entirely by the
kidneys.
Creatinine
If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level in your urine ___
decreases
The excretion of ___ as ___ in the urine is important in preserving the ACID-BASE balance of the body.
ammonia, ammonium salts
It is a pigment that causes the yellow color in urine.
urochrome
It is a breakdown product of the blood’s hemoglobin
and is removed by the kidneys.
urochrome
what is the normal color or urine
pale yellow to deep amber
normal ph level
4.5 to 8.0
___ to __ times in a day. The average amount,
however, is usually between ___ and ___ times in a 24-hour period.
frequency, 4 to 10 times, 6 and 7
Assessment techniques for the system includes:
- Inspection
- Palpation
(5) what to inspect or check for abnormalities
- Mass
- Skin Color
- Lesions
- Bruises
- Breaks in the Skin
T OR F: An empty bladder is not palpable.
T
A full bladder presents as a ___ which is typically, regular, smooth, firm, and oval-shaped. It arises in the _____. The ___ cannot be felt. The ___ may reach as high the umbilicus. Size may be expressed in ___ above the pubic symphysis.
- Pelvis mass
- midline
- lower border
- upper border
- finger breadths
A full bladder is distinguished not normal if:
i. There is a ___ of other features of urinary difficulty
ii. There is __ , in _____
iii. ___ on examination - palpation typically worsens urge
to ___
- presence
- pain, acute urinary retention
- discomfort, micturate
is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders,
such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes.
urinalysis
Urine should not include (6)
- hemoglobin
- nitrites
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- glucose
- bile
common types of abnormal urine
- proteinuria
- oliguria
- polyuria
- dysuria
- hematuria
- glycosuria
Protein content in urine, often due to leaky or damaged ______.
Proteinuria
- glomeruli
An abnormally small amount of urine, often due to shock or
kidney damage.
Oliguria
Abnormally large amount of urine, often caused by diabetes
Polyuria
Painful or uncomfortable urination, often from urinary tract
infections.
Dysuria
Red blood cells in urine, from infection or injury.
Hematuria
Glucose in urine due to excess plasma glucose in diabetes, beyond amount able to be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Glycosuria
what color in the urine color chart that indicates severe dehydration
red
is a sign of a urinary tract infection, which may
also cause a bad smell.
Cloudy or milky urine
may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine
Milky urine
The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is ___
per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day).
800 t0 2,000 mL
Common symptoms of urinary problems
- Abdominal cramping
- Abdominal, pelvic or back pain that can be severe
- Bloody or pink-colored urine (hematuria)
- Cloudy urine
- Fever and chills
- Foul-smelling urine
- Frequent urination
- General ill feeling
- Leaking of urine
- Pain or burning with urination (dysuria)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Urgent need to urinate
(5) common urinary problems
- bladder infections (Cystitis)
- enlarged prostate
- incontinence
- kidney infection
- kidney stones
● aka (Cystitis), usually caused by bacteria.
● Most infections in women are caused by bacteria from the bowel
that reach the urethra and bladder.
● Most infections in men are the result of problems that restrict
normal urine flow, such as an enlarged prostate.
bladder infection
● in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder
● It means that the gland has grown bigger.
● Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they get
older.
● An enlarged prostate is often called ________
(BPH).
● It is not cancer, and it does not raise your risk for prostate
cancer.
enlarged prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia
is the involuntary loss of bladder and bowel control
incontinence
when a bladder infection ‘backs up’ the ureters
kidney infections
● caused by infection and high blood levels of calcium
● (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard
deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside …
kidney stones
foods that causes kidney stones
- Foods high in sodium
- Cola beverages
- Fast foods
- Processed meats
- Certain Supplements
- Black tea
- Chocolate
- Spinach
- Soy Milk
- Almonds
- Cashews
- Soy Beans
Type of incontinence which is due to increased abdominal pressure under stress
Stress incontinence
Type of incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles
Urge incontinence
Type of incontinence due to blockage of the urethra
Overflow incontinence
Type of incontinence due to disturb function of the nervous system
Neurogenic incontinence
