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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

also known as the renal system produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

A

Urinary System,

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2
Q

what blood vessel in the kidney structure carries cleaned / filtered blood from the kidney to the heart?

A

main vein/ renal vein

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3
Q

what blood vessel in the kidney structure that brings blood with wastes

A

main artery/ renal artery

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4
Q

it carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureter

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5
Q

They are __ bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a __, located just __ the rib cage, one on each side of your __.

A

two, fist, below, spine

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6
Q

An adult kidney is about __ (5 in) long and __ (2.5 in) wide

A

12 cm, 6 cm

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7
Q

FUNCTIONS
● Responsible for getting rid of __, ___, and __
through our urine.
● Regulate ___ (salt) concentrations
● Regulate amount of ___ within the body
● Help regulate ___
● Help maintain ___ balance
Produce ___ that affect blood and bones

A
  • waste products, drugs, toxins
  • electrolyte
  • fluid
  • blood pressure
  • acid-base
  • hormones
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8
Q

a kidney is composed of tiny units of

A

nephrons

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9
Q

nephrons consists of ___ and ___

A

glomeruli, tubules

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10
Q

it is part of the nephron where in it COLLECTS the waste to form urine

A

tubules

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11
Q

they are small blood vessel that FILTER wastes and excess fluids

A

glomeruli

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12
Q

it is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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13
Q

The structure that actually produces urine in the process of
removing waste and excess substances from the blood.

A

nephron

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14
Q

___ slender tubes ___ cm (10–12 inches) attaching the kidney to the urinary bladder

A

ureters, 25-30 cm

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15
Q

● Continuous with the renal pelvis
● Enter the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder
● Run behind the peritoneum

A

ureters

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16
Q

A temporary storage reservoir for urine.

A

urinary bladder

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17
Q

It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis,
and below the parietal peritoneum.

A

urinary bladder

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18
Q

Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac situated posterior to the pubic
symphysis

A

urinary bladder

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19
Q

triangular region of the urinary bladder base based on three openings

A

trigone

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20
Q

Two openings from the ureters

A

uretheral orifices

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21
Q

One opening to the urethra

A

internal urethral orifice

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22
Q

The tube through which urine leaves the body.

A

urethra

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23
Q

is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

A

Urine

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24
Q

flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder.

A

Urine

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25
Q

PROCESS that results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra

A

Urination

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26
Q

what are the (6) urine composition

A
  • water
  • urea
  • inorganic salts
  • creatinine
  • ammonia
  • urochrome
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27
Q

what is the percentage of water in urine composition

A

95%

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28
Q

urine is __ composed of urea.

A

2%

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29
Q

Is the MAJOR constituent of the urine and the principal means for DISPOSAL ofN NITROGEN derived from amino acid metabolism

A

Urea

30
Q

Urine is __ composed of inorganic salts.

A

1.5%

31
Q

inorganic salts includes __,___,___

A

sodium, potassium, chloride

32
Q

is a chemical the body makes to supply
energy, mainly to muscles.

A

Creatine

33
Q

This test is done to see how well your kidneys work.

A

creatinine

34
Q

is removed by the body entirely by the
kidneys.

A

Creatinine

35
Q

If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level in your urine ___

A

decreases

36
Q

The excretion of ___ as ___ in the urine is important in preserving the ACID-BASE balance of the body.

A

ammonia, ammonium salts

37
Q

It is a pigment that causes the yellow color in urine.

A

urochrome

38
Q

It is a breakdown product of the blood’s hemoglobin
and is removed by the kidneys.

A

urochrome

39
Q

what is the normal color or urine

A

pale yellow to deep amber

40
Q

normal ph level

A

4.5 to 8.0

41
Q

___ to __ times in a day. The average amount,
however, is usually between ___ and ___ times in a 24-hour period.

A

frequency, 4 to 10 times, 6 and 7

42
Q

Assessment techniques for the system includes:

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
43
Q

(5) what to inspect or check for abnormalities

A
  1. Mass
  2. Skin Color
  3. Lesions
  4. Bruises
  5. Breaks in the Skin
44
Q

T OR F: An empty bladder is not palpable.

A

T

45
Q

A full bladder presents as a ___ which is typically, regular, smooth, firm, and oval-shaped. It arises in the _____. The ___ cannot be felt. The ___ may reach as high the umbilicus. Size may be expressed in ___ above the pubic symphysis.

A
  • Pelvis mass
  • midline
  • lower border
  • upper border
  • finger breadths
46
Q

A full bladder is distinguished not normal if:

i. There is a ___ of other features of urinary difficulty

ii. There is __ , in _____

iii. ___ on examination - palpation typically worsens urge
to ___

A
  • presence
  • pain, acute urinary retention
  • discomfort, micturate
47
Q

is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders,
such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes.

A

urinalysis

48
Q

Urine should not include (6)

A
  • hemoglobin
  • nitrites
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • glucose
  • bile
49
Q

common types of abnormal urine

A
  • proteinuria
  • oliguria
  • polyuria
  • dysuria
  • hematuria
  • glycosuria
50
Q

Protein content in urine, often due to leaky or damaged ______.

A

Proteinuria
- glomeruli

51
Q

An abnormally small amount of urine, often due to shock or
kidney damage.

A

Oliguria

52
Q

Abnormally large amount of urine, often caused by diabetes

A

Polyuria

53
Q

Painful or uncomfortable urination, often from urinary tract
infections.

A

Dysuria

54
Q

Red blood cells in urine, from infection or injury.

A

Hematuria

55
Q

Glucose in urine due to excess plasma glucose in diabetes, beyond amount able to be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

Glycosuria

56
Q

what color in the urine color chart that indicates severe dehydration

A

red

57
Q

is a sign of a urinary tract infection, which may
also cause a bad smell.

A

Cloudy or milky urine

58
Q

may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine

A

Milky urine

59
Q

The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is ___
per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day).

A

800 t0 2,000 mL

60
Q

Common symptoms of urinary problems

A
  1. Abdominal cramping
  2. Abdominal, pelvic or back pain that can be severe
  3. Bloody or pink-colored urine (hematuria)
  4. Cloudy urine
  5. Fever and chills
  6. Foul-smelling urine
  7. Frequent urination
  8. General ill feeling
  9. Leaking of urine
  10. Pain or burning with urination (dysuria)
  11. Unexplained weight loss
  12. Urgent need to urinate
61
Q

(5) common urinary problems

A
  • bladder infections (Cystitis)
  • enlarged prostate
  • incontinence
  • kidney infection
  • kidney stones
62
Q

● aka (Cystitis), usually caused by bacteria.
● Most infections in women are caused by bacteria from the bowel
that reach the urethra and bladder.
● Most infections in men are the result of problems that restrict
normal urine flow, such as an enlarged prostate.

A

bladder infection

63
Q

● in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder
● It means that the gland has grown bigger.
● Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they get
older.
● An enlarged prostate is often called ________
(BPH).
● It is not cancer, and it does not raise your risk for prostate
cancer.

A

enlarged prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia

64
Q

is the involuntary loss of bladder and bowel control

A

incontinence

65
Q

when a bladder infection ‘backs up’ the ureters

A

kidney infections

66
Q

● caused by infection and high blood levels of calcium
● (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard
deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside …

A

kidney stones

67
Q

foods that causes kidney stones

A
  • Foods high in sodium
  • Cola beverages
  • Fast foods
  • Processed meats
  • Certain Supplements
  • Black tea
  • Chocolate
  • Spinach
  • Soy Milk
  • Almonds
  • Cashews
  • Soy Beans
68
Q
A
69
Q

Type of incontinence which is due to increased abdominal pressure under stress

A

Stress incontinence

70
Q

Type of incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles

A

Urge incontinence

71
Q

Type of incontinence due to blockage of the urethra

A

Overflow incontinence

72
Q

Type of incontinence due to disturb function of the nervous system

A

Neurogenic incontinence

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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